PF3D7_0100600
rifin
- Annotated
- 2026-09-11
79 papers in source corpus
Shared family summary
rif gene family (RIFIN), all members · written from 88 papers across 157 member genes
This card belongs to a multigene family. The summary below describes the family as a whole and is not specific to this gene; findings specific to PF3D7_0100600, if any, are in the sections that follow.
RIFINs are a large, clonally variant family of surface antigens exported by Plasmodium falciparum to infected erythrocytes, where they drive both immune evasion and cytoadhesion (PMID:10430943, PMID:10562315, PMID:25751816). Members segregate into A- and B-type subgroups: A-type RIFINs are trafficked through Maurer's clefts to the iRBC surface with their semi-conserved N-terminal region exposed, whereas B-type RIFINs are largely retained intracellularly (PMID:17719658, PMID:26173856). Export depends on Plasmepsin V cleavage of the N-terminal PEXEL motif in the ER (PMID:23387285) followed by sequential vesicle trafficking regulated by PfArf1 and PfRab1b, with the C-terminal domain acting as a retention/blocking signal that restrains export (PMID:33604307, PMID:20419102). At the erythrocyte surface, a subset of RIFINs function as adhesins that mediate blood-group-A-preferential rosette formation and microvascular binding (PMID:25751816), while another subset subverts host immunity by binding and activating inhibitory receptors — LILRB1, LILRB2 and LAIR1 — to suppress NK and B cell responses, with structural studies showing RIFINs mimic the MHC class I binding mode on LILRB1 despite using distinct interfaces for each receptor (PMID:29186116, PMID:32650338, PMID:34244481, PMID:41314148); a further clade engages the inhibitory KIR2DL1 as well as the cognate activating receptor KIR2DS1 (PMID:40500441). Expression across the family is coordinated epigenetically: PfCDP represses a subset of rifins through H3K9me3 recognition and PfBDP1/PfBDP7 silence them via heterochromatin association, and PfCDP-mediated derepression promotes rosetting (PMID:35460670, PMID:35493110), while rif, var, stevor and Pfmc-2TM promoters compete for a shared limiting activation factor at a common subnuclear expression site (PMID:19708920).
26 family-level findings
| Year | Finding | Species | Conf | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | RIFINs are clonally variant proteins encoded by the rif multigene family that are expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs). Their high copy number, sequence variability, and red cell surface location were established by direct experimental characterization. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 10430943 |
| 1999 | RIFINs (formerly called rosettins) are expressed on the parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) surface as multiple isoforms (pI 5.5–6.5, 30–45 kD), are immunogenic in natural infections, and are strain-specifically recognized by human immune sera in immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled pRBC extracts; agglutinating antibodies target rifin epitopes that survive trypsin digestion that removes PfEMP1. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 10562315 |
| 2004 | RIFIN and PfEMP1 share a common trafficking pathway from the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) to the iRBC surface via sequential vesicle intermediates (small single vesicles → large multimeric vesicles → large spindle-like vesicles), co-trafficking with Maurer's cleft antigen Pf332 in sub-compartmentalized vesicle complexes. This trafficking is independent of KAHRP. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 14668007 |
| 2006 | RIFIN variants fall into two major subgroups (A-type and B-type) with distinct subcellular localization: A-type RIFINs are transported to the iRBC surface via Maurer's clefts, while B-type RIFINs are mostly retained inside the parasite. Both subtypes are also expressed in merozoites (A-type in the apical region, B-type in the cytosol). Individual RIFIN variants display differential developmental expression patterns. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 17719658 |
| 2006 | A RIFIN (PFI0050c) tagged internally with GFP was exported to Maurer's clefts (MC) in the erythrocyte cytosol, whereas C-terminally GFP-tagged full-length RIFIN was not trafficked out of the parasite; truncation of C-terminal sequences rescued MC targeting. The variable region of the RIFIN appeared exposed to the erythrocyte cytosol (anchored in the MC membrane). Trafficking was sensitive to Brefeldin A in young rings. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 17014697 |
| 2008 | Transcriptionally active episomal promoters from rifin (as well as stevor, Pfmc-2TM, or var) competitively titrate a shared, limiting activation factor, leading to downregulation of all four clonally variant multigene families simultaneously. rif, stevor, Pfmc-2TM, and var promoters colocalize within the same subnuclear expression site. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 19708920 |
| 2008 | Gametocyte-stage P. falciparum expresses A- and B-type RIFIN variants with distinct localization patterns: A-type RIFINs accumulate in crescent-shaped discrete punctate structures at the infected erythrocyte membrane in gametocytes, while B-type RIFINs associate with the parasite body. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated variant-specific regulation of B-type RIFINs and group-specific regulation for A-type RIFINs during gametocytogenesis. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 19020666 |
| 2009 | A type B RIFIN (PF13_0006) dominates the rif transcript profile in gametocytes and is the major rif transcript in sporozoites, suggesting a specialized role for this variant in sexual stages. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 20509952 |
| 2009 | Absence of sequestration in a splenectomized patient was associated with non-expression of A-type rif and stevor genes (but maintained B-type rif and PfMC-2TM expression), and parasites lacked cytoadherence. Upon in vitro adaptation, A-type RIFIN and STEVOR expression was restored concomitantly with acquisition of adhesion to CD36 and ICAM-1, providing in vivo evidence that A-type RIFIN expression is linked to cytoadherent/sequestration phenotype. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 19826486 |
| 2010 | The C-terminus of a P. falciparum rifin prevented GFP export by a KAHRP-like N-terminus signal in P. berghei, demonstrating that the RIFIN C-terminal domain acts as a retention/blocking signal for the PEXEL-mediated export pathway. | Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 20419102 |
| 2012 | A type B RIFIN (PF13_0006) is expressed by released merozoites and by gametes after emergence, as shown by immunofluorescence and confocal imaging, indicating that this variant has a role in both asexual merozoite and sexual gamete stages. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 23259643 |
| 2013 | Plasmepsin V cleaves N-terminal sequences (PEXEL motifs) from RIFIN, STEVOR, and RESA families in the parasite endoplasmic reticulum, and this cleavage is necessary for their export. Plasmepsin V does not cleave PfEMP1 N-terminal sequences. A lysine at PEXEL position P3 (present in PfEMP1) blocks Plasmepsin V activity, as does isoleucine at P1. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 23387285 |
| 2015 | A subset of RIFINs are adhesins expressed on the surface of infected RBCs that bind to uninfected RBCs—preferentially of blood group A—to form large rosettes, and also mediate microvascular binding of iRBCs. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 25751816 |
| 2015 | Human monoclonal antibodies acquire broad reactivity against multiple P. falciparum isolates by binding to members of the RIFIN family through insertion of the entire 98-amino acid collagen-binding domain of LAIR1 between V and DJ segments. The LAIR1 insert is both necessary and sufficient for RIFIN binding; somatic mutations in the LAIR1 domain abolish collagen binding and increase binding to infected erythrocytes. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 26700814 |
| 2015 | Topological studies indicate that the semi-conserved N-terminal region of A-type RIFINs (and some STEVORs) is exposed at the erythrocyte surface, and at Maurer's clefts the semi-conserved N-terminal region and variable stretch of RIFINs point to the lumen. These findings challenge the two-transmembrane topology model and suggest only one hydrophobic region spans the membrane. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 26173856 |
| 2017 | A subset of RIFINs binds to the inhibitory immune receptor LILRB1 and inhibits activation of LILRB1-expressing B cells and NK cells. A different subset binds to LAIR1. LILRB1-binding RIFINs are expressed on infected erythrocytes from patients with severe malaria at higher frequency than in non-severe malaria. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 29186116 |
| 2019 | RIFIN and STEVOR transmembrane helices 1 and 3 integrate into the ER membrane, and the segment predicted as TM2 is translocated to the lumen rather than residing in the membrane, resulting in an overall Ncyt-Ccyt topology. This was established for three RIFIN and two STEVOR proteins. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 31821735 |
| 2020 | The crystal structure of a RIFIN bound to LILRB1 shows that the RIFIN mimics the natural LILRB1 ligand MHC class I in its LILRB1-binding mode. A single mutation in the RIFIN disrupts the complex, blocks LILRB1 binding of all tested RIFINs, and abolishes signaling in a reporter assay. In a supported lipid bilayer NK cell activation system, both RIFIN and MHC are recruited to the immunological synapse and reduce NK cell activation as measured by perforin mobilization. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 32650338 |
| 2021 | A specific RIFIN is a novel ligand for the inhibitory immune receptor LILRB2; LILRB2 domain 3 (rather than domains 1 and 2 used for HLA class I binding) mediates RIFIN binding, as shown by domain-specific binding assays using a RIFIN expression library. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 33647792 |
| 2021 | Crystal and cryo-EM structures of RIFINs in complex with LILRB1 domain 3 (D3D4) reveal that RIFINs bind LILRB1 through D3, in a mode similar to the RIFIN–LAIR1 interaction. A large set of RIFINs bind LILRB1 D3 as identified by mass spectrometry and binding assays. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 33790470 |
| 2021 | Crystal structures of two RIFINs bound to LAIR1 reveal the LAIR1-binding region of RIFIN to be hydrophobic and membrane-distal, interacting with RIFIN-V2 domain in a one-to-one fashion with extensive structural diversity between RIFIN variants. RIFIN binding sites on LAIR1 overlap with the collagen-binding site. The two RIFINs engage similar LAIR1 binding sites at different angles but use completely different binding sites for LAIR1 versus LILRB1. RIFIN induces LAIR1-mediated cell signaling, and LAIR1-containing antibodies block this pathway. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 34244481 |
| 2021 | Crystal structures of two RIFINs bound to wild-type or mutated LAIR1 reveal that they use similar LAIR1 binding sites but at different angles; the RIFIN-binding sites overlap with the collagen-binding site. RIFINs use completely different binding sites to bind LAIR1 versus LILRB1 (kaleidoscopic RIFIN binding versatility). RIFINs induce LAIR1-mediated cell signaling, and LAIR1-containing antibodies block the pathway. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 34433057 |
| 2022 | PfBDP7 (a bromodomain protein) cooperates with PfBDP1 at heterochromatic regions across the gene body of all variant surface antigen (VSA) families including rifin, stevor, PfEMP1, and PfMC-2TM in early schizonts. Conditional knockdown of either PfBDP7 or PfBDP1 causes de-repression of variant surface antigens at the mRNA and protein level, establishing their role in silencing of RIFIN and other VSA genes via heterochromatin association. | Plasmodium falciparum | Medium | 35493110 |
| 2022 | A chromodomain-containing protein (PfCDP) binds H3K9me3 on P. falciparum chromatin and represses expression of a subset of rifin genes. Conditional deletion of the chromodomain using inducible DiCre-LoxP leads to selective upregulation of rifins, some var, and stevor genes, and promotes RBC rosette formation, establishing PfCDP as an epigenetic repressor of RIFIN expression and rosetting. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 35460670 |
| 2025 | A clade of RIFINs binds to the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL1 with higher affinity than MHC class I (the natural host ligand), mediating inhibitory signaling and suppressing KIR2DL1-expressing NK cell activation. The same RIFIN clade also binds to the cognate activating receptor KIR2DS1, resulting in activation of KIR2DS1-expressing NK cells. KIR2DL1-binding RIFINs are abundant in field-isolated strains from Africa and Asia. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 40500441 |
| 2025 | A RIFIN subset engages LILRB1 through a conserved structural motif anchored by disulfide-bonded cysteines, despite overwhelming RIFIN sequence diversity. LILRB1 binds both RIFINs and MHC-I ligands by overlapping interfaces (confirmed by crystallographic analyses of LILRB1–RIFIN complexes). This RIFIN subset is associated with reduced risk of severe malaria in a systematic immunoproteomic analysis. | Plasmodium falciparum | High | 41314148 |
Mechanistic narrative
Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below
No mechanistic discoveries found in literature.
Mechanism profile
Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.
Source papers
Stage 0 corpus · 79 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
| Year | Title | Journal | Citations | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Rifins: a second family of clonally variant proteins expressed on the surface of red cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 271 | 10430943 |
| 1999 | Small, clonally variant antigens expressed on the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte are encoded by the rif gene family and are the target of human immune responses. | The Journal of experimental medicine | 174 | 10562315 |
| 2004 | Proteomics approach reveals novel proteins on the surface of malaria-infected erythrocytes. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 145 | 15287581 |
| 2005 | SURFIN is a polymorphic antigen expressed on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and infected erythrocytes. | The Journal of experimental medicine | 144 | 15939796 |
| 2014 | STEVOR is a Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding protein that mediates merozoite invasion and rosetting. | Cell host & microbe | 142 | 25011110 |
| 2015 | A LAIR1 insertion generates broadly reactive antibodies against malaria variant antigens. | Nature | 134 | 26700814 |
| 2012 | Population genomic scan for candidate signatures of balancing selection to guide antigen characterization in malaria parasites. | PLoS genetics | 134 | 23133397 |
| 2017 | Immune evasion of Plasmodium falciparum by RIFIN via inhibitory receptors. | Nature | 123 | 29186116 |
| 2014 | Surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes as immune targets and malaria vaccine candidates. | Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS | 120 | 24691798 |
| 2013 | Role of plasmepsin V in export of diverse protein families from the Plasmodium falciparum exportome. | Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) | 108 | 23387285 |
| 2018 | NK cells inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in red blood cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. | eLife | 100 | 29943728 |
| 2009 | The Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR multigene family mediates antigenic variation of the infected erythrocyte. | PLoS pathogens | 96 | 19229319 |
| 2007 | Variant proteins of the Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN family show distinct subcellular localization and developmental expression patterns. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 92 | 17719658 |
| 2009 | Absence of erythrocyte sequestration and lack of multicopy gene family expression in Plasmodium falciparum from a splenectomized malaria patient. | PloS one | 84 | 19826486 |
| 2006 | Hypervariability within the Rifin, Stevor and Pfmc-2TM superfamilies in Plasmodium falciparum. | Nucleic acids research | 70 | 17148488 |
| 2008 | Sub-grouping and sub-functionalization of the RIFIN multi-copy protein family. | BMC genomics | 69 | 18197962 |
| 2002 | Recognition of variant Rifin antigens by human antibodies induced during natural Plasmodium falciparum infections. | Infection and immunity | 62 | 12438381 |
| 2004 | Common trafficking pathway for variant antigens destined for the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 58 | 14668007 |
| 2008 | Diverse expression patterns of subgroups of the rif multigene family during Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis. | PloS one | 51 | 19020666 |
| 2015 | A comparative study of the localization and membrane topology of members of the RIFIN, STEVOR and PfMC-2TM protein families in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | Malaria journal | 50 | 26173856 |
| 2003 | Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum rifin proteins are associated with rapid parasite clearance and asymptomatic infections. | Infection and immunity | 47 | 14573641 |
| 2009 | Clonally variant gene families in Plasmodium falciparum share a common activation factor. | Molecular microbiology | 46 | 19708920 |
| 2015 | Evasion of Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum: Rosettes of Blood Group A Impair Recognition of PfEMP1. | PloS one | 45 | 26714011 |
| 2020 | Structural basis for RIFIN-mediated activation of LILRB1 in malaria. | Nature | 43 | 32650338 |
| 2009 | The varieties of gene amplification, diversification and hypervariability in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 43 | 19375460 |
| 2016 | Complete telomere-to-telomere de novo assembly of the Plasmodium falciparum genome through long-read (>11 kb), single molecule, real-time sequencing. | DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes | 41 | 27345719 |
| 2017 | Three Is a Crowd - New Insights into Rosetting in Plasmodium falciparum. | Trends in parasitology | 38 | 28109696 |
| 2011 | Antibodies against PfEMP1, RIFIN, MSP3 and GLURP are acquired during controlled Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in naïve volunteers. | PloS one | 35 | 22174947 |
| 2006 | Maurer's clefts-restricted localization, orientation and export of a Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN. | Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) | 35 | 17014697 |
| 2006 | Comparative transcriptomal analysis of isogenic Plasmodium falciparum clones of distinct antigenic and adhesive phenotypes. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 35 | 17196675 |
| 2008 | MAAP: malarial adhesins and adhesin-like proteins predictor. | Proteins | 32 | 17879344 |
| 2012 | Temporal expression and localization patterns of variant surface antigens in clinical Plasmodium falciparum isolates during erythrocyte schizogony. | PloS one | 29 | 23166704 |
| 2008 | Preferential transcription of conserved rif genes in two phenotypically distinct Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines. | International journal for parasitology | 28 | 19162031 |
| 2012 | Expression of a type B RIFIN in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and gametes. | Malaria journal | 24 | 23259643 |
| 2010 | Identification of a major rif transcript common to gametocytes and sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. | Malaria journal | 24 | 20509952 |
| 2021 | Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN is a novel ligand for inhibitory immune receptor LILRB2. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 23 | 33647792 |
| 2021 | Structural basis of malaria RIFIN binding by LILRB1-containing antibodies. | Nature | 22 | 33790470 |
| 2020 | Global Repertoire of Human Antibodies Against Plasmodium falciparum RIFINs, SURFINs, and STEVORs in a Malaria Exposed Population. | Frontiers in immunology | 21 | 32477363 |
| 2019 | Antibodies to Peptides in Semiconserved Domains of RIFINs and STEVORs Correlate with Malaria Exposure. | mSphere | 21 | 30894432 |
| 2006 | Cerebral malaria is associated with IgG2 and IgG4 antibody responses to recombinant Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN antigen. | Microbes and infection | 21 | 16679041 |
| 2004 | Antibodies to rifin: a component of naturally acquired responses to Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigens on infected erythrocytes. | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene | 21 | 15306707 |
| 2009 | Revisiting the Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN family: from comparative genomics to 3D-model prediction. | BMC genomics | 20 | 19769795 |
| 2018 | Antibodies in children with malaria to PfEMP1, RIFIN and SURFIN expressed at the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell surface. | Scientific reports | 19 | 29459776 |
| 2022 | Mechanisms for Host Immune Evasion Mediated by Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocyte Surface Antigens. | Frontiers in immunology | 17 | 35784341 |
| 2022 | Stochastic expression of invasion genes in Plasmodium falciparum schizonts. | Nature communications | 16 | 35637187 |
| 2010 | Functional evaluation of Plasmodium export signals in Plasmodium berghei suggests multiple modes of protein export. | PloS one | 15 | 20419102 |
| 2007 | Characterization of Maurer's clefts in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene | 15 | 17255224 |
| 2008 | A novel series of compositionally biased substitution matrices for comparing Plasmodium proteins. | BMC bioinformatics | 14 | 18485187 |
| 2021 | Structural basis of malarial parasite RIFIN-mediated immune escape against LAIR1. | Cell reports | 11 | 34433057 |
| 2018 | Chromosome Gene Orientation Inversion Networks (GOINs) of Plasmodium Proteome. | Journal of proteome research | 11 | 29336158 |
| 2022 | The Putative Bromodomain Protein PfBDP7 of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum Cooperates With PfBDP1 in the Silencing of Variant Surface Antigen Expression. | Frontiers in cell and developmental biology | 10 | 35493110 |
| 2011 | RSpred, a set of Hidden Markov Models to detect and classify the RIFIN and STEVOR proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. | BMC genomics | 10 | 21332983 |
| 2020 | Rapid activation of distinct members of multigene families in Plasmodium spp. | Communications biology | 9 | 32620892 |
| 2020 | Host-pathogen interaction in the tissue environment during Plasmodium blood-stage infection. | Parasite immunology | 8 | 32497249 |
| 2018 | '2TM proteins': an antigenically diverse superfamily with variable functions and export pathways. | PeerJ | 8 | 29770278 |
| 2015 | Plasmodium falciparum complicated malaria: Modulation and connectivity between exportome and variant surface antigen gene families. | Molecular and biochemical parasitology | 8 | 26022315 |
| 2021 | Rab5b-Associated Arf1 GTPase Regulates Export of N-Myristoylated Adenylate Kinase 2 From the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plasmodium falciparum. | Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology | 7 | 33604307 |
| 2019 | Membrane integration and topology of RIFIN and STEVOR proteins of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. | The FEBS journal | 7 | 31821735 |
| 2025 | RIFINs displayed on malaria-infected erythrocytes bind KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1. | Nature | 6 | 40500441 |
| 2011 | In Silico Prediction of Evolutionarily Conserved GC-Rich Elements Associated with Antigenic Proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. | Evolutionary bioinformatics online | 6 | 22375094 |
| 2021 | Structural basis of LAIR1 targeting by polymorphic Plasmodium RIFINs. | Nature communications | 5 | 34244481 |
| 2025 | Immune evasion runs in the family: two surface protein families of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | Current opinion in microbiology | 4 | 40112571 |
| 2024 | Children with hemoglobin C or S trait have low serologic responses to a subset of malaria variant surface antigens. | The Journal of infection | 4 | 39216830 |
| 2022 | Chromodomain Protein Interacts with H3K9me3 and Controls RBC Rosette Formation by Regulating the Expression of a Subset of RIFINs in the Malaria Parasite. | Journal of molecular biology | 4 | 35460670 |
| 2022 | Meta-Analysis of Human Antibodies Against Plasmodium falciparum Variable Surface and Merozoite Stage Antigens. | Frontiers in immunology | 4 | 35757771 |
| 2025 | Diamonds in the rif: Alignment-free comparative genomics analysis reveals strain-transcendent Plasmodium falciparum antigens amidst extensive genetic diversity. | Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases | 3 | 39920908 |
| 2020 | In vitro selection for adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to ABO antigens does not affect PfEMP1 and RIFIN expression. | Scientific reports | 3 | 32732983 |
| 2017 | Epitopes of anti-RIFIN antibodies and characterization of rif-expressing Plasmodium falciparum parasites by RNA sequencing. | Scientific reports | 3 | 28233866 |
| 2022 | STRIDE: a command-line HMM-based identifier and sub-classifier of Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN and STEVOR variant surface antigen families. | BMC bioinformatics | 2 | 34991452 |
| 2026 | Discovery of parasite proteins in the urine of vivax malaria patients through mass spectrometry. | Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease | 1 | 41581407 |
| 2025 | A subset of Plasmodium falciparum RIFINs is linked to severe malaria risk reduction and engages LILRB1 through a conserved structural motif. | EBioMedicine | 1 | 41314148 |
| 2024 | Variable Surface Antigens of Plasmodium falciparum: Protein Families with Divergent Roles. | Protein and peptide letters | 1 | 38910420 |
| 2018 | Corrigendum: Immune evasion of Plasmodium falciparum by RIFIN via inhibitory receptors. | Nature | 1 | 29443969 |
| 2026 | A Functional Intronic Variant of LILRB1 Associated With Clinical Malaria in the Senegalese Population. | The Journal of infectious diseases | 0 | 41492925 |
| 2025 | A Potential Regulatory Network of Selected Human Erythrocytic miRNAs with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 mRNAs: A Computational Analysis. | MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates) | 0 | 39950472 |
| 2025 | Method for deletion of variant surface antigen genes at subtelomeric region of Plasmodium falciparum. | Parasitology international | 0 | 40562206 |
| 2025 | The impact of Iso-mukaadial acetate on Plasmodium falciparum transcriptional gene regulation. | Scientific reports | 0 | 41309744 |
| 2024 | [Bibliometric analysis of researches on the Plasmodium falciparum repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides protein from 1993 to 2022]. | Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control | 0 | 38857964 |
| 2019 | [SEVERE FORMS OF TROPICAL MALARIA: MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF THE INFECTION (REVIEW)]. | Georgian medical news | 0 | 31687959 |