{"gene":"PF3D7_1443100","run_date":"2026-09-08T19:44:17","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2022,"finding":"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) was identified as one of 13 previously unknown kinetochore components in Apicomplexa through interactomics combined with deep homology searches. The study placed AKIT9 within a highly divergent apicomplexan kinetochore structure organized into at least four discrete compartments with different biochemical interactions and subkinetochore localizations.","method":"Interactomics (co-immunoprecipitation/proximity labeling) combined with deep homology searches; subkinetochore localization studies","journal":"The Journal of cell biology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — interactomics-based identification with localization data, but AKIT9 is one of many proteins identified in a single study with no specific functional follow-up on AKIT9 itself","pmids":["36006241"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""},{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) is a component of the apicomplexan kinetochore, identified through interactomics and deep homology searches as one of 13 novel kinetochore proteins, residing within a highly divergent multi-compartment kinetochore structure; no specific enzymatic activity, binding partners exclusive to AKIT9, or direct functional characterization beyond kinetochore membership has been experimentally established."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) is a component of the highly divergent apicomplexan kinetochore, identified as one of 13 previously unknown kinetochore proteins through interactomics combined with deep homology searches [PMID:36006241]. Within this study the apicomplexan kinetochore was resolved into at least four discrete compartments with distinct biochemical interactions and subkinetochore localizations, and AKIT9 was assigned to this multi-compartment structure [PMID:36006241]. Beyond its membership in the apicomplexan kinetochore [PMID:36006241], no specific enzymatic activity, AKIT9-exclusive binding partners, or direct functional characterization of PF3D7_1443100 has been established in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2022,"claim":"The composition of the divergent apicomplexan kinetochore was largely unknown; identifying its full protein inventory was needed to understand chromosome segregation in these parasites, and this work placed AKIT9 among newly recognized kinetochore components.","evidence":"Interactomics (co-immunoprecipitation/proximity labeling) combined with deep homology searches and subkinetochore localization in P. falciparum, P. berghei, and T. gondii","pmids":["36006241"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No AKIT9-specific interaction partners or exclusive binding activity identified","No enzymatic or molecular activity assigned to AKIT9 itself","No functional perturbation (knockout/knockdown) or phenotype for AKIT9 established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""},{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The specific molecular role of AKIT9 within the kinetochore, its direct binding partners, its compartment assignment, and its requirement for chromosome segregation remain uncharacterized.","evidence":"No direct functional study of PF3D7_1443100 in the available corpus","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Which of the four kinetochore compartments AKIT9 occupies is not defined","Whether AKIT9 is essential for kinetochore assembly or parasite viability is untested","No structural model or direct binding partner unique to AKIT9 is known"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""},{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Apicomplexan kinetochore"],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Identified as one of 13 novel apicomplexan kinetochore components; the kinetochore is organized into at least four discrete compartments [#0]","No AKIT9-exclusive binding partner, enzymatic activity, or direct functional characterization established in the available corpus"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"36006241","id":"PMC_36006241","title":"Composition and organization of kinetochores show plasticity in apicomplexan chromosome segregation.","date":"2022","source":"The Journal of cell biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36006241","citation_count":31,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["curated_ref"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"42323312","id":"","title":"A modular chromosomal passenger complex rewires chromosome segregation in Plasmodium berghei.","date":"2026","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42323312","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["AKIT9"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":4003,"output_tokens":455,"usd":0.009417,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":4971,"output_tokens":1196,"usd":0.027377,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.036794,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01SRp5hyRc82zNjddxyCCXGk","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01K3BTmBazRo3pRrMvyaPMTY","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) was identified as one of 13 previously unknown kinetochore components in Apicomplexa through interactomics combined with deep homology searches. The study placed AKIT9 within a highly divergent apicomplexan kinetochore structure organized into at least four discrete compartments with different biochemical interactions and subkinetochore localizations.\",\n      \"method\": \"Interactomics (co-immunoprecipitation/proximity labeling) combined with deep homology searches; subkinetochore localization studies\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of cell biology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — interactomics-based identification with localization data, but AKIT9 is one of many proteins identified in a single study with no specific functional follow-up on AKIT9 itself\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36006241\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) is a component of the apicomplexan kinetochore, identified through interactomics and deep homology searches as one of 13 novel kinetochore proteins, residing within a highly divergent multi-compartment kinetochore structure; no specific enzymatic activity, binding partners exclusive to AKIT9, or direct functional characterization beyond kinetochore membership has been experimentally established.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"AKIT9 (PF3D7_1443100) is a component of the highly divergent apicomplexan kinetochore, identified as one of 13 previously unknown kinetochore proteins through interactomics combined with deep homology searches [#0]. Within this study the apicomplexan kinetochore was resolved into at least four discrete compartments with distinct biochemical interactions and subkinetochore localizations, and AKIT9 was assigned to this multi-compartment structure [#0]. Beyond its membership in the apicomplexan kinetochore [#0], no specific enzymatic activity, AKIT9-exclusive binding partners, or direct functional characterization of PF3D7_1443100 has been established in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"The composition of the divergent apicomplexan kinetochore was largely unknown; identifying its full protein inventory was needed to understand chromosome segregation in these parasites, and this work placed AKIT9 among newly recognized kinetochore components.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Interactomics (co-immunoprecipitation/proximity labeling) combined with deep homology searches and subkinetochore localization in P. falciparum, P. berghei, and T. gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36006241\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No AKIT9-specific interaction partners or exclusive binding activity identified\",\n        \"No enzymatic or molecular activity assigned to AKIT9 itself\",\n        \"No functional perturbation (knockout/knockdown) or phenotype for AKIT9 established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The specific molecular role of AKIT9 within the kinetochore, its direct binding partners, its compartment assignment, and its requirement for chromosome segregation remain uncharacterized.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct functional study of PF3D7_1443100 in the available corpus\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Which of the four kinetochore compartments AKIT9 occupies is not defined\",\n        \"Whether AKIT9 is essential for kinetochore assembly or parasite viability is untested\",\n        \"No structural model or direct binding partner unique to AKIT9 is known\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000776\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [\"Apicomplexan kinetochore\"],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Identified as one of 13 novel apicomplexan kinetochore components; the kinetochore is organized into at least four discrete compartments [#0]\",\n      \"No AKIT9-exclusive binding partner, enzymatic activity, or direct functional characterization established in the available corpus\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1443100","name":null,"product":"apicomplexan kinetochore protein 9, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1307000","name":null,"product":"conserved Plasmodium protein, unknown function","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1239200","name":null,"product":"apicomplexan kinetochore protein 9, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"AKIT9","evaluation":null}