{"gene":"PF3D7_1440400","run_date":"2026-09-08T14:19:07","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2022,"finding":"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400), a CCCH zinc finger protein, is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm. Targeted gene disruption showed no significant effect on asexual blood stage replication or gametocyte development, but male gametocyte exflagellation was significantly impaired, leading to reduced mosquito transmission. Comparative transcriptomics revealed deregulation of ~473 genes in ZNF4-KO mature gametocytes, with downregulated genes enriched for male-enriched transcripts associated with axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, indicating ZNF4 regulates male gametocyte-enriched genes post-transcriptionally.","method":"Targeted gene disruption (KO), live imaging/subcellular localization, comparative transcriptomics, mosquito transmission assays","journal":"Cells","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype (exflagellation defect), cytoplasmic localization, and transcriptomic profiling; single lab, multiple orthogonal methods","pmids":["35626703"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400) was identified as a protein interactor of MD3 (a CCCH zinc finger protein involved in male gametocytogenesis) by BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation assays, placing ZNF4 within a regulatory complex that includes RNA-binding proteins (PABP1, ALBA3), translational regulators (eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH), and other gametocytogenesis regulators (MD1, GD1).","method":"BioID proximity labeling, co-immunoprecipitation","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — ZNF4 appears only as an identified interactor of MD3; no direct functional experiment was performed on ZNF4 itself in this study","pmids":["38148574"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2026,"finding":"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400) was identified as a protein interactor of PfMD3 in a study characterizing MD3's role in male gamete translation; ZNF4 is thus part of the MD3 interaction network involving mRNA processing and translational regulation in gametocytes.","method":"Protein interaction network analysis (referenced from prior MD3 characterization)","journal":"bioRxiv","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — ZNF4 cited only as an MD3 interactor without direct functional experiments on ZNF4 itself; preprint, single mention","pmids":["42244567"],"is_preprint":true,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"A global screen of barcoded mutants in Plasmodium berghei identified genes essential for formation of female sexual forms, and the protein interactors of a female-determining zinc-finger protein indicate that germ-granule-like ribonucleoprotein complexes complement transcriptional processes in the regulation of female development. Single-cell transcriptomics of mutant parasites revealed a regulatory cascade of putative gene functions in sex determination and differentiation.","method":"Barcoded mutant screen, single-cell transcriptomics, protein interactor identification","journal":"Cell host & microbe","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — PF3D7_1440400 is not explicitly named; the 'female-determining zinc-finger protein' is described without a gene ID in the abstract, making attribution uncertain; single study","pmids":["36634679"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PF3D7_1440400 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein expressed in mature gametocytes that localizes to the cytoplasm and is required for male gametocyte exflagellation and mosquito transmission in P. falciparum, likely through post-transcriptional regulation of male-enriched transcripts; it also participates in a broader gametocyte regulatory complex containing RNA-binding proteins and translational regulators including MD3, PABP1, ALBA3, and others."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_1440400 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein of Plasmodium falciparum that is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and acts as a post-transcriptional regulator required for male gametocyte function and mosquito transmission [PMID:35626703]. It localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm, and while its disruption has no effect on asexual replication or gametocyte development, it specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and thereby reduces transmission [PMID:35626703]. Transcriptomic profiling of ZNF4-knockout mature gametocytes shows deregulation of ~473 genes, with downregulated transcripts enriched for male-enriched genes linked to axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, consistent with ZNF4 controlling the abundance of male-programme transcripts at the post-transcriptional level [PMID:35626703]. Beyond this defined cellular role, no direct enzymatic activity or RNA-binding specificity for ZNF4 has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2022,"claim":"Established that ZNF4 is a gametocyte-stage, cytoplasmic CCCH zinc finger protein with a specific and non-redundant role in male gametocyte exflagellation, resolving whether this zinc finger protein contributes to sexual development rather than asexual growth.","evidence":"Targeted gene disruption with live imaging, comparative transcriptomics, and mosquito transmission assays in P. falciparum","pmids":["35626703"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No direct demonstration that ZNF4 binds the deregulated male-enriched transcripts (no CLIP or RNA-binding assay)","The zinc finger domain's RNA/protein-binding specificity was not mapped","Whether deregulation of the ~473 genes is a direct or downstream effect is not resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"claim":"Placed ZNF4 within a gametocyte regulatory network by identifying it as an interactor of the CCCH protein MD3, connecting it physically to RNA-binding and translational-regulation machinery, though without any direct functional test of ZNF4 in this study.","evidence":"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation of MD3 in P. falciparum, with ZNF4 recovered among interactors including PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH, MD1, and GD1","pmids":["38148574"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["ZNF4 appears only as a bait-recovered interactor of MD3; no reciprocal or direct validation on ZNF4 itself","The stoichiometry, direct vs. indirect nature, and functional consequence of the ZNF4–MD3 association are unknown","Whether ZNF4 is a stable component of the complex or a transient associate is unresolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2026,"claim":"Reiterated ZNF4's membership in the MD3 interaction network in the context of male gamete translation, reinforcing but not extending its association with mRNA-processing and translational regulators.","evidence":"Protein interaction network analysis referenced from prior MD3 characterization in P. falciparum (preprint)","pmids":["42244567"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Preprint; ZNF4 is cited only as an MD3 interactor with no direct experiment on ZNF4","Does not establish ZNF4's specific contribution to translational control","No new ZNF4-specific mechanistic data over the 2023 interaction study"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The direct molecular mechanism of ZNF4 — which transcripts it binds, whether it acts through mRNA stabilization, storage, or translational control, and how its function integrates with the MD3-containing ribonucleoprotein complex — remains unresolved.","evidence":"No direct RNA-binding, structural, or reconstitution study of ZNF4 exists in the corpus","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No identified direct RNA targets of ZNF4","No structural model of the ZNF4 CCCH domain or its interaction interfaces","Mechanistic link between ZNF4, the MD3 complex, and the exflagellation defect not established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["MD3 interaction network / gametocyte ribonucleoprotein regulatory complex (ZNF4 recovered as interactor of MD3, alongside PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH, MD1, GD1)"],"partners":["MD3 (PFMD3)"],"other_free_text":["ZNF4 knockout impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and reduces mosquito transmission without affecting asexual replication or gametocyte development [#0].","~473 genes deregulated in ZNF4-KO mature gametocytes, with downregulated genes enriched for male-enriched transcripts linked to axonemal dynein complex formation [#0].","The P. berghei female-determining zinc-finger protein finding (#3) is not explicitly attributed to PF3D7_1440400 and is not treated as evidence for this gene."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"36634679","id":"PMC_36634679","title":"Regulators of male and female sexual development are critical for the transmission of a malaria parasite.","date":"2023","source":"Cell host & microbe","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36634679","citation_count":53,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"34418264","id":"PMC_34418264","title":"Zinc finger proteins of Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2021","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34418264","citation_count":33,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"35626703","id":"PMC_35626703","title":"The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH Zinc Finger Protein ZNF4 Plays an Important Role in Gametocyte Exflagellation through the Regulation of Male Enriched Transcripts.","date":"2022","source":"Cells","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626703","citation_count":20,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"27385072","id":"PMC_27385072","title":"An evolutionary conserved zinc finger protein is involved in Toxoplasma gondii mRNA nuclear export.","date":"2016","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27385072","citation_count":14,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":true,"competing_organism_match":"Toxoplasma","competing_organism_only":true},{"pmid":"27253881","id":"PMC_27253881","title":"Plasmodium falciparum Hep1 Is Required to Prevent the Self Aggregation of PfHsp70-3.","date":"2016","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27253881","citation_count":9,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"38148574","id":"PMC_38148574","title":"The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 regulates male gametocytogenesis through its interaction with RNA-binding proteins.","date":"2023","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38148574","citation_count":8,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"28851851","id":"PMC_28851851","title":"Multifunctional Involvement of a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein (PbZfp) in Malaria Transmission, Histone Modification, and Susceptibility to DNA Damage Response.","date":"2017","source":"mBio","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28851851","citation_count":5,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"42244567","id":"PMC_42244567","title":"The CCCH-type zinc-finger Pf MD3 promotes translation for malaria parasite transmission.","date":"2026","source":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42244567","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":13446,"output_tokens":2700,"usd":0.066127,"retried_sync":true},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6127,"output_tokens":2265,"usd":0.04363,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.109757,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_011BPjN2BL33F8cJXD1r7V7T","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01Qwg6vP7qxkpL6Gsc7tajsb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"Looking at these papers, I need to identify which ones are specifically about PF3D7_1440400 (zinc finger protein, putative).\n\nLet me analyze each paper:\n\n1. **Paper [1]** (PMID:36634679) - Mentions a \"female-determining zinc-finger protein\" with protein interactors indicating germ-granule-like ribonucleoprotein complexes. This could be PF3D7_1440400, but the paper doesn't explicitly name it as such.\n\n2. **Paper [2]** (PMID:34418264) - Review of P. falciparum zinc finger proteins generally. No specific mechanistic data about PF3D7_1440400.\n\n3. **Paper [3]** (PMID:35626703) - About ZNF4 (a CCCH zinc finger protein). Need to check if ZNF4 = PF3D7_1440400. The paper mentions ZNF4 is highly expressed in gametocytes, localizes to cytoplasm, and male exflagellation is impaired in KO.\n\n4. **Paper [4]** (PMID:27385072) - About TgZNF2 in Toxoplasma, with a P. falciparum homolog mentioned for complementation. This is primarily about a Toxoplasma gene.\n\n5. **Paper [5]** (PMID:27253881) - About PfHep1 (Hsp70-escort protein). This is a different zinc finger protein (Hep1), not PF3D7_1440400.\n\n6. **Paper [6]** (PMID:38148574) - About MD3, a CCCH zinc finger protein. Mentions ZNF4 as an interaction partner.\n\n7. **Paper [7]** (PMID:28851851) - About PbZfp in P. berghei, a C2H2 zinc finger. This appears to be a different gene.\n\n8. **Paper [8]** (PMID:42244567) - About PfMD3. Mentions ZNF4 interactions.\n\nThe key question is whether any of these papers explicitly address PF3D7_1440400. Looking at the corpus ranking (most gene-specific first), paper [1] seems most relevant. The \"female-determining zinc-finger protein\" in paper [1] may be PF3D7_1440400.\n\nPaper [3] about ZNF4 - ZNF4 could be PF3D7_1440400. Paper [6] and [8] describe MD3 interacting with ZNF4. Without explicit PlasmoDB ID mapping in the abstracts, I can only include findings where PF3D7_1440400 is clearly the subject. Papers [3], [6], and [8] all mention ZNF4 as an entity distinct from MD3.\n\nGiven that PF3D7_1440400 is a \"zinc finger protein, putative\" and ZNF4 is specifically a CCCH zinc finger characterized in paper [3], and ZNF4 appears in papers [6] and [8] as an MD3 interactor, ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400) appears to be the subject of paper [3] and mentioned as an interaction partner in [6] and [8].\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400), a CCCH zinc finger protein, is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm. Targeted gene disruption showed no significant effect on asexual blood stage replication or gametocyte development, but male gametocyte exflagellation was significantly impaired, leading to reduced mosquito transmission. Comparative transcriptomics revealed deregulation of ~473 genes in ZNF4-KO mature gametocytes, with downregulated genes enriched for male-enriched transcripts associated with axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, indicating ZNF4 regulates male gametocyte-enriched genes post-transcriptionally.\",\n      \"method\": \"Targeted gene disruption (KO), live imaging/subcellular localization, comparative transcriptomics, mosquito transmission assays\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cells\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype (exflagellation defect), cytoplasmic localization, and transcriptomic profiling; single lab, multiple orthogonal methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400) was identified as a protein interactor of MD3 (a CCCH zinc finger protein involved in male gametocytogenesis) by BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation assays, placing ZNF4 within a regulatory complex that includes RNA-binding proteins (PABP1, ALBA3), translational regulators (eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH), and other gametocytogenesis regulators (MD1, GD1).\",\n      \"method\": \"BioID proximity labeling, co-immunoprecipitation\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — ZNF4 appears only as an identified interactor of MD3; no direct functional experiment was performed on ZNF4 itself in this study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2026,\n      \"finding\": \"ZNF4 (PF3D7_1440400) was identified as a protein interactor of PfMD3 in a study characterizing MD3's role in male gamete translation; ZNF4 is thus part of the MD3 interaction network involving mRNA processing and translational regulation in gametocytes.\",\n      \"method\": \"Protein interaction network analysis (referenced from prior MD3 characterization)\",\n      \"journal\": \"bioRxiv\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — ZNF4 cited only as an MD3 interactor without direct functional experiments on ZNF4 itself; preprint, single mention\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"42244567\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": true,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"A global screen of barcoded mutants in Plasmodium berghei identified genes essential for formation of female sexual forms, and the protein interactors of a female-determining zinc-finger protein indicate that germ-granule-like ribonucleoprotein complexes complement transcriptional processes in the regulation of female development. Single-cell transcriptomics of mutant parasites revealed a regulatory cascade of putative gene functions in sex determination and differentiation.\",\n      \"method\": \"Barcoded mutant screen, single-cell transcriptomics, protein interactor identification\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell host & microbe\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — PF3D7_1440400 is not explicitly named; the 'female-determining zinc-finger protein' is described without a gene ID in the abstract, making attribution uncertain; single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36634679\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PF3D7_1440400 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein expressed in mature gametocytes that localizes to the cytoplasm and is required for male gametocyte exflagellation and mosquito transmission in P. falciparum, likely through post-transcriptional regulation of male-enriched transcripts; it also participates in a broader gametocyte regulatory complex containing RNA-binding proteins and translational regulators including MD3, PABP1, ALBA3, and others.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_1440400 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein of Plasmodium falciparum that is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and acts as a post-transcriptional regulator required for male gametocyte function and mosquito transmission [#0]. It localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm, and while its disruption has no effect on asexual replication or gametocyte development, it specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and thereby reduces transmission [#0]. Transcriptomic profiling of ZNF4-knockout mature gametocytes shows deregulation of ~473 genes, with downregulated transcripts enriched for male-enriched genes linked to axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, consistent with ZNF4 controlling the abundance of male-programme transcripts at the post-transcriptional level [#0]. Beyond this defined cellular role, no direct enzymatic activity or RNA-binding specificity for ZNF4 has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Established that ZNF4 is a gametocyte-stage, cytoplasmic CCCH zinc finger protein with a specific and non-redundant role in male gametocyte exflagellation, resolving whether this zinc finger protein contributes to sexual development rather than asexual growth.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Targeted gene disruption with live imaging, comparative transcriptomics, and mosquito transmission assays in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No direct demonstration that ZNF4 binds the deregulated male-enriched transcripts (no CLIP or RNA-binding assay)\",\n        \"The zinc finger domain's RNA/protein-binding specificity was not mapped\",\n        \"Whether deregulation of the ~473 genes is a direct or downstream effect is not resolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"claim\": \"Placed ZNF4 within a gametocyte regulatory network by identifying it as an interactor of the CCCH protein MD3, connecting it physically to RNA-binding and translational-regulation machinery, though without any direct functional test of ZNF4 in this study.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation of MD3 in P. falciparum, with ZNF4 recovered among interactors including PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH, MD1, and GD1\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"ZNF4 appears only as a bait-recovered interactor of MD3; no reciprocal or direct validation on ZNF4 itself\",\n        \"The stoichiometry, direct vs. indirect nature, and functional consequence of the ZNF4–MD3 association are unknown\",\n        \"Whether ZNF4 is a stable component of the complex or a transient associate is unresolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2026,\n      \"claim\": \"Reiterated ZNF4's membership in the MD3 interaction network in the context of male gamete translation, reinforcing but not extending its association with mRNA-processing and translational regulators.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Protein interaction network analysis referenced from prior MD3 characterization in P. falciparum (preprint)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"42244567\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Preprint; ZNF4 is cited only as an MD3 interactor with no direct experiment on ZNF4\",\n        \"Does not establish ZNF4's specific contribution to translational control\",\n        \"No new ZNF4-specific mechanistic data over the 2023 interaction study\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The direct molecular mechanism of ZNF4 — which transcripts it binds, whether it acts through mRNA stabilization, storage, or translational control, and how its function integrates with the MD3-containing ribonucleoprotein complex — remains unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct RNA-binding, structural, or reconstitution study of ZNF4 exists in the corpus\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No identified direct RNA targets of ZNF4\",\n        \"No structural model of the ZNF4 CCCH domain or its interaction interfaces\",\n        \"Mechanistic link between ZNF4, the MD3 complex, and the exflagellation defect not established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0003676\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0008270\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0048134\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0010608\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"MD3 interaction network / gametocyte ribonucleoprotein regulatory complex (ZNF4 recovered as interactor of MD3, alongside PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, PUF1, NOT1, CITH, MD1, GD1)\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"MD3 (PfMD3)\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"ZNF4 knockout impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and reduces mosquito transmission without affecting asexual replication or gametocyte development [#0].\",\n      \"~473 genes deregulated in ZNF4-KO mature gametocytes, with downregulated genes enriched for male-enriched transcripts linked to axonemal dynein complex formation [#0].\",\n      \"The P. berghei female-determining zinc-finger protein finding (#3) is not explicitly attributed to PF3D7_1440400 and is not treated as evidence for this gene.\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":{"gene":"PF3D7_1440400","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 4 of 4 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_1134600, PF3D7_0315600, PF3D7_1222600). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1440400","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1304300","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1241900","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"","evaluation":null}