{"gene":"PF3D7_1349600","run_date":"2026-09-08T14:19:06","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2022,"finding":"PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) was identified as a previously unknown kinetochore component in Apicomplexa through interactomics combined with deep homology searches, placing it within a multiprotein kinetochore assembly involved in chromosome segregation.","method":"Interactomics (Co-IP/pulldown) combined with deep homology searches; subkinetochore localization mapping","journal":"The Journal of cell biology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — interactomics and localization in a single study; novel component identification but no functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of SKA3 specifically","pmids":["36006241"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"SKA3 (PF3D7_1349600) is a kinetochore-associated protein in Plasmodium falciparum, identified as a novel apicomplexan kinetochore component through interactomics; beyond its membership in the kinetochore complex, no further mechanistic details about its specific function have been established."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) is a kinetochore-associated protein of Plasmodium falciparum identified through interactomics combined with deep homology searches as a previously unrecognized component of the apicomplexan kinetochore, a multiprotein assembly involved in chromosome segregation [PMID:36006241]. Subkinetochore localization mapping places SKA3 within this kinetochore complex [PMID:36006241]. Beyond its membership in the kinetochore assembly established in [PMID:36006241], no further mechanistic detail — including its specific molecular function, direct binding partners, or a loss-of-function phenotype — has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2022,"claim":"Whether Apicomplexa possess unrecognized kinetochore components was unknown; combining interactomics with deep homology searches identified PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) as a novel kinetochore protein, establishing it as part of the chromosome-segregation machinery in P. falciparum.","evidence":"Interactomics (Co-IP/pulldown) with deep homology searches and subkinetochore localization mapping in Plasmodium falciparum","pmids":["36006241"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of SKA3 specifically to define its role within the kinetochore","Direct binding partners of SKA3 and its precise position in the complex are not resolved","No loss-of-function phenotype linking SKA3 to a specific step of chromosome segregation"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The specific molecular function of SKA3, its direct interactions, and its requirement for chromosome segregation in P. falciparum remain to be defined.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No functional or structural characterization of SKA3 beyond complex membership","Mechanism of recruitment to the kinetochore unknown","No evidence distinguishing SKA3's role from other kinetochore components"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Apicomplexan kinetochore complex"],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Identified via interactomics and deep homology searches as a novel apicomplexan kinetochore component; no SKA3-specific function established beyond kinetochore membership [#0]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"36006241","id":"PMC_36006241","title":"Composition and organization of kinetochores show plasticity in apicomplexan chromosome segregation.","date":"2022","source":"The Journal of cell biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36006241","citation_count":31,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["curated_ref"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":3256,"output_tokens":345,"usd":0.007471,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":4812,"output_tokens":1055,"usd":0.025218,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.032689,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_011BPjN2BL33F8cJXD1r7V7T","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01Qwg6vP7qxkpL6Gsc7tajsb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) was identified as a previously unknown kinetochore component in Apicomplexa through interactomics combined with deep homology searches, placing it within a multiprotein kinetochore assembly involved in chromosome segregation.\",\n      \"method\": \"Interactomics (Co-IP/pulldown) combined with deep homology searches; subkinetochore localization mapping\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of cell biology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — interactomics and localization in a single study; novel component identification but no functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of SKA3 specifically\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36006241\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"SKA3 (PF3D7_1349600) is a kinetochore-associated protein in Plasmodium falciparum, identified as a novel apicomplexan kinetochore component through interactomics; beyond its membership in the kinetochore complex, no further mechanistic details about its specific function have been established.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) is a kinetochore-associated protein of Plasmodium falciparum identified through interactomics combined with deep homology searches as a previously unrecognized component of the apicomplexan kinetochore, a multiprotein assembly involved in chromosome segregation [#0]. Subkinetochore localization mapping places SKA3 within this kinetochore complex [#0]. Beyond its membership in the kinetochore assembly established in [#0], no further mechanistic detail — including its specific molecular function, direct binding partners, or a loss-of-function phenotype — has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether Apicomplexa possess unrecognized kinetochore components was unknown; combining interactomics with deep homology searches identified PF3D7_1349600 (SKA3) as a novel kinetochore protein, establishing it as part of the chromosome-segregation machinery in P. falciparum.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Interactomics (Co-IP/pulldown) with deep homology searches and subkinetochore localization mapping in Plasmodium falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36006241\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of SKA3 specifically to define its role within the kinetochore\",\n        \"Direct binding partners of SKA3 and its precise position in the complex are not resolved\",\n        \"No loss-of-function phenotype linking SKA3 to a specific step of chromosome segregation\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The specific molecular function of SKA3, its direct interactions, and its requirement for chromosome segregation in P. falciparum remain to be defined.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No functional or structural characterization of SKA3 beyond complex membership\",\n        \"Mechanism of recruitment to the kinetochore unknown\",\n        \"No evidence distinguishing SKA3's role from other kinetochore components\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000776\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0007059\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"Apicomplexan kinetochore complex\"],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Identified via interactomics and deep homology searches as a novel apicomplexan kinetochore component; no SKA3-specific function established beyond kinetochore membership [#0].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1349600","name":null,"product":"spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 3, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1362400","name":null,"product":"conserved Plasmodium protein, unknown function","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1251300","name":null,"product":"spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 3, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"SKA3","evaluation":null}