{"gene":"PF3D7_1326800","run_date":"2026-09-08T14:19:06","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2008,"finding":"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) was identified as one of seven Qa-SNAREs in the P. falciparum genome; comprehensive sequence alignments were used to predict its intracellular location, but its specific localization was not experimentally confirmed in this study (only PfStx1 was experimentally localized).","method":"Bioinformatics sequence alignment and gene structure confirmation; experimental localization was performed for a different family member (PfStx1), not for SYN18 itself.","journal":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 4 / Weak — computational prediction of location for SYN18 specifically; no direct experiment on this protein reported in the abstract.","pmids":["19103232"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2006,"finding":"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) was identified as one of 18 SNARE-like proteins in the P. falciparum genome and classified within a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like subfamily, distinct from the five main phylogenetic groups. No direct experimental characterization of SYN18 subcellular localization or function was reported.","method":"Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the P. falciparum genome; GFP-tagging experiments were performed on other family members (PfSyn5p, PfSec22p), not on SYN18.","journal":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 4 / Weak — identification is computational; no direct experiment was performed on SYN18 itself.","pmids":["17240462"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) has been identified computationally as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily within the parasite's 18-member SNARE complement, but no direct experimental data establishing its binding partners, enzymatic activity, subcellular localization, or specific cellular function have been reported in the available literature."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) has been identified computationally as one of the SNARE-like proteins encoded in the Plasmodium falciparum genome, classified as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily distinct from the five canonical eukaryotic SNARE groups [PMID:19103232, PMID:17240462]. In the two genome-wide surveys that name it, SYN18 was defined solely by sequence-based classification; the direct GFP-tagging and localization experiments in these studies were carried out on other family members (PfStx1, PfSyn5p, PfSec22p), not on SYN18 itself [PMID:19103232, PMID:17240462]. Beyond this computational family assignment, no experimental evidence establishing SYN18's subcellular localization, binding partners, membrane-fusion activity, or specific cellular function has been reported in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2006,"claim":"Before genome-wide cataloguing, the parasite's vesicle-trafficking machinery was undefined; classifying the full SNARE complement established SYN18 as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like subfamily and placed it within the trafficking gene set.","evidence":"Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the P. falciparum genome identifying 18 SNARE-like proteins; GFP-tagging was applied to other members, not SYN18.","pmids":["17240462"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Classification is purely computational; no experiment was performed on SYN18 itself","Subcellular localization of SYN18 unknown","No binding partners or SNARE-complex assignments established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2008,"claim":"A focused analysis of the parasite Qa-SNAREs refined SYN18's classification as one of seven Qa-SNAREs and used sequence alignment to predict its intracellular location, but direct localization was demonstrated only for a different family member.","evidence":"Bioinformatics sequence alignment and gene-structure confirmation; experimental localization performed for PfStx1, not SYN18.","pmids":["19103232"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Predicted localization for SYN18 was not experimentally confirmed","No functional or interaction data for SYN18","Role in any specific trafficking step undefined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"It remains unknown where SYN18 localizes, which SNARE partners it assembles with, and what membrane-fusion or trafficking event it mediates in P. falciparum.","evidence":"No direct experimental characterization of SYN18 has been reported in the available corpus.","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No experimental subcellular localization","No identified cognate SNARE partners or complex membership","No functional or phenotypic data (e.g. knockout/knockdown)"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Identified computationally as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily within the parasite's 18-member SNARE complement [#0, #1].","No experimental data on SYN18 localization, partners, activity, or function; all direct experiments in the cited surveys were on other family members (PfStx1, PfSyn5p, PfSec22p)."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"17240462","id":"PMC_17240462","title":"Identification of Plasmodium falciparum family of SNAREs.","date":"2006","source":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17240462","citation_count":38,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE","PfSNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"33082261","id":"PMC_33082261","title":"The ZIP Code of Vesicle Trafficking in Apicomplexa: SEC1/Munc18 and SNARE Proteins.","date":"2020","source":"mBio","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33082261","citation_count":33,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"31731198","id":"PMC_31731198","title":"Plasmodium Secretion Induces Hepatocyte Lysosome Exocytosis and Promotes Parasite Entry.","date":"2019","source":"iScience","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31731198","citation_count":21,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"22555616","id":"PMC_22555616","title":"The isoprenoid-precursor dependence of Plasmodium spp.","date":"2012","source":"Natural product reports","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22555616","citation_count":19,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"21075148","id":"PMC_21075148","title":"Evidence for prenylation-dependent targeting of a Ykt6 SNARE in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2010","source":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21075148","citation_count":19,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"25433733","id":"PMC_25433733","title":"Computational prediction of protein interactions related to the invasion of erythrocytes by malarial parasites.","date":"2014","source":"BMC bioinformatics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433733","citation_count":14,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"19617396","id":"PMC_19617396","title":"The longin domain regulates the steady-state dynamics of Sec22 in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2009","source":"Eukaryotic cell","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19617396","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"19103232","id":"PMC_19103232","title":"Plasmodium falciparum secretory pathway: characterization of PfStx1, a plasma membrane Qa-SNARE.","date":"2008","source":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19103232","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SNARE"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":6685,"output_tokens":657,"usd":0.014955,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5237,"output_tokens":1415,"usd":0.03078,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.045735,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_011BPjN2BL33F8cJXD1r7V7T","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01Qwg6vP7qxkpL6Gsc7tajsb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) was identified as one of seven Qa-SNAREs in the P. falciparum genome; comprehensive sequence alignments were used to predict its intracellular location, but its specific localization was not experimentally confirmed in this study (only PfStx1 was experimentally localized).\",\n      \"method\": \"Bioinformatics sequence alignment and gene structure confirmation; experimental localization was performed for a different family member (PfStx1), not for SYN18 itself.\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular and biochemical parasitology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 4 / Weak — computational prediction of location for SYN18 specifically; no direct experiment on this protein reported in the abstract.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"19103232\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2006,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) was identified as one of 18 SNARE-like proteins in the P. falciparum genome and classified within a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like subfamily, distinct from the five main phylogenetic groups. No direct experimental characterization of SYN18 subcellular localization or function was reported.\",\n      \"method\": \"Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the P. falciparum genome; GFP-tagging experiments were performed on other family members (PfSyn5p, PfSec22p), not on SYN18.\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular and biochemical parasitology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 4 / Weak — identification is computational; no direct experiment was performed on SYN18 itself.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"17240462\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) has been identified computationally as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily within the parasite's 18-member SNARE complement, but no direct experimental data establishing its binding partners, enzymatic activity, subcellular localization, or specific cellular function have been reported in the available literature.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_1326800 (SYN18) has been identified computationally as one of the SNARE-like proteins encoded in the Plasmodium falciparum genome, classified as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily distinct from the five canonical eukaryotic SNARE groups [#0, #1]. In the two genome-wide surveys that name it, SYN18 was defined solely by sequence-based classification; the direct GFP-tagging and localization experiments in these studies were carried out on other family members (PfStx1, PfSyn5p, PfSec22p), not on SYN18 itself [#0, #1]. Beyond this computational family assignment, no experimental evidence establishing SYN18's subcellular localization, binding partners, membrane-fusion activity, or specific cellular function has been reported in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2006,\n      \"claim\": \"Before genome-wide cataloguing, the parasite's vesicle-trafficking machinery was undefined; classifying the full SNARE complement established SYN18 as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like subfamily and placed it within the trafficking gene set.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the P. falciparum genome identifying 18 SNARE-like proteins; GFP-tagging was applied to other members, not SYN18.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\n        \"17240462\"\n      ],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Classification is purely computational; no experiment was performed on SYN18 itself\",\n        \"Subcellular localization of SYN18 unknown\",\n        \"No binding partners or SNARE-complex assignments established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"claim\": \"A focused analysis of the parasite Qa-SNAREs refined SYN18's classification as one of seven Qa-SNAREs and used sequence alignment to predict its intracellular location, but direct localization was demonstrated only for a different family member.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Bioinformatics sequence alignment and gene-structure confirmation; experimental localization performed for PfStx1, not SYN18.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\n        \"19103232\"\n      ],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Predicted localization for SYN18 was not experimentally confirmed\",\n        \"No functional or interaction data for SYN18\",\n        \"Role in any specific trafficking step undefined\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"It remains unknown where SYN18 localizes, which SNARE partners it assembles with, and what membrane-fusion or trafficking event it mediates in P. falciparum.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct experimental characterization of SYN18 has been reported in the available corpus.\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No experimental subcellular localization\",\n        \"No identified cognate SNARE partners or complex membership\",\n        \"No functional or phenotypic data (e.g. knockout/knockdown)\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Identified computationally as a member of a P. falciparum-specific syntaxin-like Qa-SNARE subfamily within the parasite's 18-member SNARE complement [#0, #1].\",\n      \"No experimental data on SYN18 localization, partners, activity, or function; all direct experiments in the cited surveys were on other family members (PfStx1, PfSyn5p, PfSec22p).\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1326800","name":null,"product":"syntaxin, Qa-SNARE family","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1342000","name":null,"product":"Qa-SNARE protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1201800","name":null,"product":"Qa-SNARE protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"SYN18","evaluation":null}