{"gene":"PF3D7_1314900","run_date":"2026-09-08T16:26:55","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2015,"finding":"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) protein was recombinantly expressed and purified from P. falciparum 3D7, and shown to colocalize with PfXPD in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic stages; P44 and PfXPD interact with each other, consistent with both being components of the TFIIH complex. Two high molecular weight forms of P44 were detected in P. falciparum 3D7.","method":"Recombinant protein expression/purification, co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assay, immunofluorescence colocalization with specific antibodies, western blot","journal":"Protoplasma","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — single lab, interaction shown by co-IP/pulldown and colocalization by immunofluorescence, two orthogonal methods but no functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of complex activity","pmids":["25708921"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2015,"finding":"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is expressed throughout the intraerythrocytic developmental stages (blood stages) of P. falciparum, and during trophozoite and schizont stages exhibits a distinct cytoplasmic distribution in addition to nuclear localization, suggesting possible functions beyond TFIIH-associated nuclear roles.","method":"Stage-specific immunofluorescence and western blot using specific antibodies against Pfp44","journal":"Protoplasma","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (immunofluorescence/western blot), cytoplasmic localization noted but no functional consequence established","pmids":["25708921"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]}],"current_model":"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is a P. falciparum TFIIH subunit that is expressed throughout blood stages, localizes predominantly to the nucleus where it physically interacts with the XPD helicase subunit, and also shows cytoplasmic distribution during trophozoite and schizont stages; its primary established role is as a binding partner/regulator of PfXPD within the TFIIH complex."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is a Plasmodium falciparum subunit of the general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex, established primarily through its physical association with the XPD helicase subunit [PMID:25708921]. Recombinantly expressed and purified P44 colocalizes with PfXPD in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic-stage parasites and interacts with it directly, consistent with both being TFIIH components [PMID:25708921]. P44 is expressed throughout the blood stages, and during trophozoite and schizont stages it additionally shows a cytoplasmic distribution alongside its nuclear signal [PMID:25708921]. Beyond this membership in TFIIH and its interaction with PfXPD [PMID:25708921], no catalytic activity, functional mutagenesis, or complex reconstitution has been characterized for P44 in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2015,"claim":"Whether P. falciparum encodes a functional P44 subunit that engages the TFIIH machinery was unknown; demonstrating a physical interaction with PfXPD placed P44 within the parasite TFIIH complex.","evidence":"Recombinant expression/purification from P. falciparum 3D7, co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assay, and immunofluorescence colocalization with PfXPD","pmids":["25708921"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of TFIIH activity to define P44's role within the complex","The stoichiometry and structural basis of the P44-PfXPD interaction are not resolved","The identity and significance of the two high molecular weight forms of P44 are unexplained"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2015,"claim":"It was unclear whether P44 is confined to the nucleus consistent with a purely TFIIH-associated role; stage-specific imaging revealed an additional cytoplasmic distribution, hinting at functions beyond nuclear transcription.","evidence":"Stage-specific immunofluorescence and western blot with anti-Pfp44 antibodies across intraerythrocytic development","pmids":["25708921"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single method and single lab; no functional consequence established for the cytoplasmic pool","Whether cytoplasmic P44 reflects a distinct activity or trafficking intermediate is unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular function of P44 within TFIIH, its potential essentiality, and the meaning of its cytoplasmic localization remain unestablished.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No genetic knockout or knockdown to test essentiality or phenotype","No enzymatic or regulatory activity assigned to P44 itself","No structural model of P44 or its complex interfaces"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["TFIIH complex"],"partners":["PFXPD"],"other_free_text":["P44 (PF3D7_1314900) physically interacts with and colocalizes with the PfXPD helicase subunit in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic-stage P. falciparum 3D7 [#0].","P44 is expressed throughout blood stages, with an additional cytoplasmic distribution during trophozoite and schizont stages [#1].","Two high molecular weight forms of P44 were detected in P. falciparum 3D7 [#0]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"25708921","id":"PMC_25708921","title":"Plasmodium falciparum XPD translocates in 5' to 3' direction, is expressed throughout the blood stages, and interacts with p44.","date":"2015","source":"Protoplasma","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25708921","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["P44","PfP44"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"28715465","id":"","title":"Multiplexing detection of IgG against Plasmodium falciparum pregnancy-specific antigens.","date":"2017","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28715465","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["P44"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":4632,"output_tokens":687,"usd":0.012101,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5277,"output_tokens":1511,"usd":0.03208,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.044181,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01NE1MTa8x1hW7Lo4tAaNzY1","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0141vaQdeFvbo2q39AinvXM9","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) protein was recombinantly expressed and purified from P. falciparum 3D7, and shown to colocalize with PfXPD in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic stages; P44 and PfXPD interact with each other, consistent with both being components of the TFIIH complex. Two high molecular weight forms of P44 were detected in P. falciparum 3D7.\",\n      \"method\": \"Recombinant protein expression/purification, co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assay, immunofluorescence colocalization with specific antibodies, western blot\",\n      \"journal\": \"Protoplasma\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — single lab, interaction shown by co-IP/pulldown and colocalization by immunofluorescence, two orthogonal methods but no functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of complex activity\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25708921\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is expressed throughout the intraerythrocytic developmental stages (blood stages) of P. falciparum, and during trophozoite and schizont stages exhibits a distinct cytoplasmic distribution in addition to nuclear localization, suggesting possible functions beyond TFIIH-associated nuclear roles.\",\n      \"method\": \"Stage-specific immunofluorescence and western blot using specific antibodies against Pfp44\",\n      \"journal\": \"Protoplasma\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (immunofluorescence/western blot), cytoplasmic localization noted but no functional consequence established\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25708921\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is a P. falciparum TFIIH subunit that is expressed throughout blood stages, localizes predominantly to the nucleus where it physically interacts with the XPD helicase subunit, and also shows cytoplasmic distribution during trophozoite and schizont stages; its primary established role is as a binding partner/regulator of PfXPD within the TFIIH complex.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) is a Plasmodium falciparum subunit of the general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex, established primarily through its physical association with the XPD helicase subunit [#0]. Recombinantly expressed and purified P44 colocalizes with PfXPD in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic-stage parasites and interacts with it directly, consistent with both being TFIIH components [#0]. P44 is expressed throughout the blood stages, and during trophozoite and schizont stages it additionally shows a cytoplasmic distribution alongside its nuclear signal [#1]. Beyond this membership in TFIIH and its interaction with PfXPD [#0], no catalytic activity, functional mutagenesis, or complex reconstitution has been characterized for P44 in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether P. falciparum encodes a functional P44 subunit that engages the TFIIH machinery was unknown; demonstrating a physical interaction with PfXPD placed P44 within the parasite TFIIH complex.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Recombinant expression/purification from P. falciparum 3D7, co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assay, and immunofluorescence colocalization with PfXPD\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25708921\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No functional mutagenesis or reconstitution of TFIIH activity to define P44's role within the complex\",\n        \"The stoichiometry and structural basis of the P44-PfXPD interaction are not resolved\",\n        \"The identity and significance of the two high molecular weight forms of P44 are unexplained\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"3D7\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"It was unclear whether P44 is confined to the nucleus consistent with a purely TFIIH-associated role; stage-specific imaging revealed an additional cytoplasmic distribution, hinting at functions beyond nuclear transcription.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Stage-specific immunofluorescence and western blot with anti-Pfp44 antibodies across intraerythrocytic development\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25708921\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single method and single lab; no functional consequence established for the cytoplasmic pool\",\n        \"Whether cytoplasmic P44 reflects a distinct activity or trafficking intermediate is unknown\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"3D7\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function of P44 within TFIIH, its potential essentiality, and the meaning of its cytoplasmic localization remain unestablished.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No genetic knockout or knockdown to test essentiality or phenotype\",\n        \"No enzymatic or regulatory activity assigned to P44 itself\",\n        \"No structural model of P44 or its complex interfaces\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"3D7\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [\"TFIIH complex\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"PfXPD\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"P44 (PF3D7_1314900) physically interacts with and colocalizes with the PfXPD helicase subunit in the nucleus of intraerythrocytic-stage P. falciparum 3D7 [#0].\",\n      \"P44 is expressed throughout blood stages, with an additional cytoplasmic distribution during trophozoite and schizont stages [#1].\",\n      \"Two high molecular weight forms of P44 were detected in P. falciparum 3D7 [#0].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1314900","name":null,"product":"general transcription factor IIH subunit 2","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1413400","name":null,"product":"general transcription factor IIH subunit 2, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1415600","name":null,"product":"general transcription factor IIH subunit 2, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"P44","evaluation":null}