{"gene":"PF3D7_1234600","run_date":"2026-09-08T16:26:55","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2009,"finding":"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) was identified as an Omp85-family protein encoded in apicomplexan (Plasmodium falciparum) genomes, proposed to function as the pore-forming component of the Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane (TOC) at the outermost inner membrane of the apicoplast, based on evolutionary and electrophysiological analysis of the related diatom Omp85 homolog.","method":"Bioinformatic identification and evolutionary comparison; electrophysiological characterization of the diatom ortholog used to infer function of the Plasmodium homolog","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 4 / Weak — computational/evolutionary inference only; no direct experiment performed on the Plasmodium TOC75 protein itself","pmids":["20042599"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2011,"finding":"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) was identified as one of a small number of putative components of the TOC/TIC translocon complexes in apicomplexans, with its critical role in apicoplast protein import validated through mutant analysis (as referenced in the context of the broader apicoplast import machinery description).","method":"Systematic bioinformatic screen combined with experimental epitope-tagging and conditional mutant analysis (promoter replacement strategy) for apicoplast proteins; TOC75 cited as having mutant-validated import role","journal":"PLoS pathogens","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — the mutant validation of TOC75 is cited as prior work rather than directly demonstrated in this paper; single indirect reference without full experimental detail for TOC75 itself","pmids":["22144892"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) is an Omp85-family protein in Plasmodium falciparum hypothesized to function as the pore-forming component of the TOC (Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane) complex at the inner membranes of the apicoplast, with prior mutant analyses cited as supporting its essential role in apicoplast protein import, but no direct in vitro or structural characterization of the Plasmodium protein itself has been reported in the available literature."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) is an Omp85-family protein encoded in the Plasmodium falciparum genome that has been assigned, on evolutionary grounds, as the candidate pore-forming component of the Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane (TOC) at an inner membrane of the apicoplast, a role inferred from electrophysiological characterization of the related diatom Omp85 homolog rather than from direct study of the Plasmodium protein [PMID:20042599]. It has additionally been listed among the small set of putative TOC/TIC translocon components involved in apicoplast protein import [PMID:22144892]. Beyond this evolutionary assignment and its citation as a mutant-validated import factor, no direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural characterization of TOC75 itself has been reported in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2009,"claim":"To identify the machinery importing nuclear-encoded proteins across apicoplast membranes, TOC75 was recognized as an apicomplexan Omp85-family protein and assigned a pore-forming TOC role, establishing the first mechanistic hypothesis for the protein.","evidence":"Bioinformatic identification and evolutionary comparison in P. falciparum, with function inferred from electrophysiology of the diatom Omp85 ortholog","pmids":["20042599"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Function inferred computationally and by analogy to the diatom ortholog; no direct experiment performed on the Plasmodium TOC75 protein","No demonstration that PF3D7_1234600 forms a channel or resides in the proposed membrane","No structural model of the Plasmodium protein"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2011,"claim":"To place TOC75 within the apicoplast import apparatus, it was cataloged among the putative TOC/TIC translocon components and cited as having a mutant-validated import role, reinforcing its assignment to the import machinery.","evidence":"Systematic bioinformatic screen with epitope-tagging and conditional mutant analysis of apicoplast proteins in P. falciparum; TOC75 role cited as prior work","pmids":["22144892"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Mutant validation of TOC75 is cited as prior work rather than directly demonstrated, with no full experimental detail for TOC75 itself","Membership in the translocon is asserted without direct interaction data for PF3D7_1234600","No biochemical evidence linking TOC75 loss to failed protein import"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"Whether PF3D7_1234600 itself forms a translocation pore, its precise membrane localization, its interaction partners within a TOC/TIC complex, and its substrate spectrum remain unestablished by direct experiment.","evidence":"No direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural characterization of the Plasmodium protein present in the corpus","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No channel/reconstitution assay on the Plasmodium protein","No structural data","No direct demonstration of complex membership or import substrates for PF3D7_1234600"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Assigned by evolutionary/bioinformatic inference as an Omp85-family candidate pore-forming component of the apicoplast TOC translocon [#0]","Listed among putative TOC/TIC apicoplast protein-import components and cited as having a mutant-validated import role, without direct experimental characterization of PF3D7_1234600 itself [#1]","No direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural data on the Plasmodium protein reported in the available corpus"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"20042599","id":"PMC_20042599","title":"Filling the gap, evolutionarily conserved Omp85 in plastids of chromalveolates.","date":"2009","source":"The Journal of biological chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042599","citation_count":60,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["curated_ref"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"32388921","id":"","title":"Directing traffic: Chaperone-mediated protein transport in malaria parasites.","date":"2020","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32388921","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["TOC75"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"22144892","id":"","title":"A systematic screen to discover and analyze apicoplast proteins identifies a conserved and essential protein import factor.","date":"2011","source":"PLoS pathogens","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144892","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["TOC75"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":4976,"output_tokens":719,"usd":0.012856,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5327,"output_tokens":1512,"usd":0.032218,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.045074,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01NE1MTa8x1hW7Lo4tAaNzY1","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0141vaQdeFvbo2q39AinvXM9","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2009,\n      \"finding\": \"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) was identified as an Omp85-family protein encoded in apicomplexan (Plasmodium falciparum) genomes, proposed to function as the pore-forming component of the Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane (TOC) at the outermost inner membrane of the apicoplast, based on evolutionary and electrophysiological analysis of the related diatom Omp85 homolog.\",\n      \"method\": \"Bioinformatic identification and evolutionary comparison; electrophysiological characterization of the diatom ortholog used to infer function of the Plasmodium homolog\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 4 / Weak — computational/evolutionary inference only; no direct experiment performed on the Plasmodium TOC75 protein itself\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20042599\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"finding\": \"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) was identified as one of a small number of putative components of the TOC/TIC translocon complexes in apicomplexans, with its critical role in apicoplast protein import validated through mutant analysis (as referenced in the context of the broader apicoplast import machinery description).\",\n      \"method\": \"Systematic bioinformatic screen combined with experimental epitope-tagging and conditional mutant analysis (promoter replacement strategy) for apicoplast proteins; TOC75 cited as having mutant-validated import role\",\n      \"journal\": \"PLoS pathogens\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — the mutant validation of TOC75 is cited as prior work rather than directly demonstrated in this paper; single indirect reference without full experimental detail for TOC75 itself\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"22144892\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) is an Omp85-family protein in Plasmodium falciparum hypothesized to function as the pore-forming component of the TOC (Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane) complex at the inner membranes of the apicoplast, with prior mutant analyses cited as supporting its essential role in apicoplast protein import, but no direct in vitro or structural characterization of the Plasmodium protein itself has been reported in the available literature.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TOC75 (PF3D7_1234600) is an Omp85-family protein encoded in the Plasmodium falciparum genome that has been assigned, on evolutionary grounds, as the candidate pore-forming component of the Translocon of the Outer Chloroplast membrane (TOC) at an inner membrane of the apicoplast, a role inferred from electrophysiological characterization of the related diatom Omp85 homolog rather than from direct study of the Plasmodium protein [#0]. It has additionally been listed among the small set of putative TOC/TIC translocon components involved in apicoplast protein import [#1]. Beyond this evolutionary assignment and its citation as a mutant-validated import factor, no direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural characterization of TOC75 itself has been reported in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2009,\n      \"claim\": \"To identify the machinery importing nuclear-encoded proteins across apicoplast membranes, TOC75 was recognized as an apicomplexan Omp85-family protein and assigned a pore-forming TOC role, establishing the first mechanistic hypothesis for the protein.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Bioinformatic identification and evolutionary comparison in P. falciparum, with function inferred from electrophysiology of the diatom Omp85 ortholog\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20042599\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Function inferred computationally and by analogy to the diatom ortholog; no direct experiment performed on the Plasmodium TOC75 protein\",\n        \"No demonstration that PF3D7_1234600 forms a channel or resides in the proposed membrane\",\n        \"No structural model of the Plasmodium protein\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"claim\": \"To place TOC75 within the apicoplast import apparatus, it was cataloged among the putative TOC/TIC translocon components and cited as having a mutant-validated import role, reinforcing its assignment to the import machinery.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Systematic bioinformatic screen with epitope-tagging and conditional mutant analysis of apicoplast proteins in P. falciparum; TOC75 role cited as prior work\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"22144892\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Mutant validation of TOC75 is cited as prior work rather than directly demonstrated, with no full experimental detail for TOC75 itself\",\n        \"Membership in the translocon is asserted without direct interaction data for PF3D7_1234600\",\n        \"No biochemical evidence linking TOC75 loss to failed protein import\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether PF3D7_1234600 itself forms a translocation pore, its precise membrane localization, its interaction partners within a TOC/TIC complex, and its substrate spectrum remain unestablished by direct experiment.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural characterization of the Plasmodium protein present in the corpus\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No channel/reconstitution assay on the Plasmodium protein\",\n        \"No structural data\",\n        \"No direct demonstration of complex membership or import substrates for PF3D7_1234600\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Assigned by evolutionary/bioinformatic inference as an Omp85-family candidate pore-forming component of the apicoplast TOC translocon [#0]\",\n      \"Listed among putative TOC/TIC apicoplast protein-import components and cited as having a mutant-validated import role, without direct experimental characterization of PF3D7_1234600 itself [#1]\",\n      \"No direct in vitro, biochemical, or structural data on the Plasmodium protein reported in the available corpus\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1234600","name":null,"product":"protein TOC75, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1449200","name":null,"product":"protein TOC75, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1454000","name":null,"product":"protein TOC75, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"TOC75","evaluation":null}