{"gene":"PF3D7_1229800","run_date":"2026-09-08T19:44:17","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2019,"finding":"Gene deletion of the MyoJ ortholog (PBANKA_1444500) in P. berghei did not inhibit basal complex constriction or successful schizogony, establishing that MyoJ is not essential for asexual blood-stage replication in this species. Additionally, PbMyoJ-GFP protein was undetectable by immunofluorescence despite transcriptional evidence of expression.","method":"Gene deletion (knockout) with phenotypic analysis; GFP tagging with immunofluorescence","journal":"Cellular microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean gene knockout with defined cellular phenotype (basal complex constriction and schizogony), single lab, two orthogonal methods (genetic deletion + live imaging)","pmids":["31283102"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2019,"finding":"MyoJ accumulates in the residual body during sporogony in P. berghei, indicating it is discarded at the end of endomitotic cell division in oocysts.","method":"Live-cell imaging / fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged MyoJ","journal":"Cellular microbiology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (fluorescence imaging), localization observation without direct functional follow-up","pmids":["31283102"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"PfMyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) was identified as an interacting partner of the basal complex protein PfCINCH by co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry during P. falciparum schizogony, and was subsequently validated to localize to the basal complex by IFA using an smV5-tagged endogenous line co-stained with PfMORN1.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry; immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with endogenous smV5 tag","journal":"Nature communications","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP/MS identification plus orthogonal IFA validation, single lab","pmids":["37400439"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2024,"finding":"In P. falciparum, PfMyoJ localizes to a novel basal complex subcompartment termed the 'posterior cup' during contraction, distinct from the main basal complex ring marked by PfCINCH. PfMyoJ is recruited to the basal complex midway through segmentation, after PfSLACR, and both proteins are removed unevenly as segmentation concludes.","method":"Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM); live-cell microscopy with fluorescently tagged endogenous proteins","journal":"PLoS pathogens","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization by U-ExM and live-cell imaging establishing temporal and spatial dynamics, single lab, two orthogonal microscopy methods","pmids":["38829893"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PfMyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) is a basal complex protein in P. falciparum that is recruited midway through schizogony, localizes to a distinct posterior-cup subcompartment of the basal complex during contraction (identified by Co-IP with PfCINCH and validated by IFA/U-ExM), and is dispensable for asexual blood-stage replication in P. berghei, where it accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"MyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) is a basal complex protein of Plasmodium that is recruited during schizogony/segmentation and occupies a distinct subcompartment of the contractile basal complex machinery [PMID:37400439, PMID:38829893]. In P. falciparum, MyoJ was identified as a co-immunoprecipitating partner of the basal complex protein PfCINCH and validated by immunofluorescence against PfMORN1 to reside at the basal complex [PMID:37400439]; ultrastructure expansion microscopy further resolves it to a novel 'posterior cup' subcompartment distinct from the main PfCINCH-marked ring, with MyoJ recruited midway through segmentation after PfSLACR and removed unevenly as segmentation concludes [PMID:38829893]. Its role is not required for asexual blood-stage replication: deletion of the P. berghei ortholog did not impair basal complex constriction or schizogony, and the protein instead accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony [PMID:31283102]. Beyond this basal-complex membership, localization dynamics, and dispensability, no molecular activity or mechanistic function for MyoJ has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2019,"claim":"Whether MyoJ is required for the division machinery of the parasite was unknown; genetic deletion established that it is dispensable for basal complex constriction and asexual replication.","evidence":"Gene knockout with phenotypic analysis of basal complex constriction and schizogony, plus GFP tagging, in P. berghei","pmids":["31283102"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Does not address whether MyoJ has a non-essential or redundant contribution to basal complex function","GFP protein was undetectable, so localization during blood-stage replication was not established","No mechanistic activity assigned"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2019,"claim":"The fate of MyoJ across the life cycle was unknown; imaging showed it accumulates in the oocyst residual body, indicating it is discarded at the end of endomitotic division during sporogony.","evidence":"Live-cell fluorescence imaging of GFP-tagged MyoJ in P. berghei","pmids":["31283102"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single-method localization observation without functional follow-up","Functional significance of residual-body accumulation unknown","Does not establish a molecular role during sporogony"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"claim":"Whether MyoJ physically associates with the basal complex was unknown; Co-IP/MS with PfCINCH plus IFA validation established it as a basal complex protein in P. falciparum.","evidence":"Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry with PfCINCH and IFA of an endogenous smV5-tagged line co-stained with PfMORN1 in P. falciparum 3D7","pmids":["37400439"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Direct binding versus indirect complex membership not resolved","Molecular activity of MyoJ within the complex unknown","No structural or stoichiometric data"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2024,"claim":"The spatial and temporal organization of MyoJ within the basal complex was unknown; super-resolution imaging placed it in a distinct 'posterior cup' subcompartment recruited midway through segmentation.","evidence":"Ultrastructure expansion microscopy and live-cell imaging of endogenously tagged proteins in P. falciparum","pmids":["38829893"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Functional consequence of posterior-cup localization unknown","Mechanism of temporal recruitment after PfSLACR unresolved","Basis of uneven removal at segmentation end not defined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular activity of MyoJ and its specific contribution to basal complex function during segmentation remain undefined.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No enzymatic or motor activity demonstrated for MyoJ","No P. falciparum loss-of-function phenotype reported","Interactions beyond PfCINCH co-IP not mapped"],"attribution":[]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["basal complex"],"partners":["PFCINCH"],"other_free_text":["Localizes to a distinct 'posterior cup' subcompartment of the basal complex during contraction, distinct from the PfCINCH-marked main ring [#3]","Recruited to the basal complex midway through segmentation, after PfSLACR [#3]","Dispensable for asexual blood-stage replication in P. berghei [#0]","Accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony in P. berghei [#1]"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"31283102","id":"PMC_31283102","title":"Systematic analysis of Plasmodium myosins reveals differential expression, localisation, and function in invasive and proliferative parasite stages.","date":"2019","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283102","citation_count":29,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"38829893","id":"PMC_38829893","title":"Elucidating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Plasmodium falciparum basal complex.","date":"2024","source":"PLoS pathogens","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38829893","citation_count":4,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"33954122","id":"","title":"The Ringleaders: Understanding the Apicomplexan Basal Complex Through Comparison to Established Contractile Ring Systems.","date":"2021","source":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33954122","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"37400439","id":"","title":"A PPP-type pseudophosphatase is required for the maintenance of basal complex integrity in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2023","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37400439","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"36847501","id":"","title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomics To Define Plasmodium falciparum Stage Transition in the Mosquito Midgut.","date":"2023","source":"Microbiology spectrum","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36847501","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"33489940","id":"","title":"The Dynamic Roles of the Inner Membrane Complex in the Multiple Stages of the Malaria Parasite.","date":"2021","source":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33489940","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"33154955","id":"","title":"Plasmodium berghei Kinesin-5 Associates With the Spindle Apparatus During Cell Division and Is Important for Efficient Production of Infectious Sporozoites.","date":"2020","source":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33154955","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["MyoJ"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":9359,"output_tokens":1124,"usd":0.022468,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5935,"output_tokens":1952,"usd":0.039238,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.061706,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01SRp5hyRc82zNjddxyCCXGk","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01K3BTmBazRo3pRrMvyaPMTY","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"finding\": \"Gene deletion of the MyoJ ortholog (PBANKA_1444500) in P. berghei did not inhibit basal complex constriction or successful schizogony, establishing that MyoJ is not essential for asexual blood-stage replication in this species. Additionally, PbMyoJ-GFP protein was undetectable by immunofluorescence despite transcriptional evidence of expression.\",\n      \"method\": \"Gene deletion (knockout) with phenotypic analysis; GFP tagging with immunofluorescence\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean gene knockout with defined cellular phenotype (basal complex constriction and schizogony), single lab, two orthogonal methods (genetic deletion + live imaging)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31283102\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"finding\": \"MyoJ accumulates in the residual body during sporogony in P. berghei, indicating it is discarded at the end of endomitotic cell division in oocysts.\",\n      \"method\": \"Live-cell imaging / fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged MyoJ\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (fluorescence imaging), localization observation without direct functional follow-up\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31283102\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"PfMyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) was identified as an interacting partner of the basal complex protein PfCINCH by co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry during P. falciparum schizogony, and was subsequently validated to localize to the basal complex by IFA using an smV5-tagged endogenous line co-stained with PfMORN1.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry; immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with endogenous smV5 tag\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nature communications\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP/MS identification plus orthogonal IFA validation, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"37400439\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"finding\": \"In P. falciparum, PfMyoJ localizes to a novel basal complex subcompartment termed the 'posterior cup' during contraction, distinct from the main basal complex ring marked by PfCINCH. PfMyoJ is recruited to the basal complex midway through segmentation, after PfSLACR, and both proteins are removed unevenly as segmentation concludes.\",\n      \"method\": \"Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM); live-cell microscopy with fluorescently tagged endogenous proteins\",\n      \"journal\": \"PLoS pathogens\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization by U-ExM and live-cell imaging establishing temporal and spatial dynamics, single lab, two orthogonal microscopy methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38829893\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PfMyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) is a basal complex protein in P. falciparum that is recruited midway through schizogony, localizes to a distinct posterior-cup subcompartment of the basal complex during contraction (identified by Co-IP with PfCINCH and validated by IFA/U-ExM), and is dispensable for asexual blood-stage replication in P. berghei, where it accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"MyoJ (PF3D7_1229800) is a basal complex protein of Plasmodium that is recruited during schizogony/segmentation and occupies a distinct subcompartment of the contractile basal complex machinery [#2, #3]. In P. falciparum, MyoJ was identified as a co-immunoprecipitating partner of the basal complex protein PfCINCH and validated by immunofluorescence against PfMORN1 to reside at the basal complex [#2]; ultrastructure expansion microscopy further resolves it to a novel 'posterior cup' subcompartment distinct from the main PfCINCH-marked ring, with MyoJ recruited midway through segmentation after PfSLACR and removed unevenly as segmentation concludes [#3]. Its role is not required for asexual blood-stage replication: deletion of the P. berghei ortholog did not impair basal complex constriction or schizogony, and the protein instead accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony [#0, #1]. Beyond this basal-complex membership, localization dynamics, and dispensability, no molecular activity or mechanistic function for MyoJ has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether MyoJ is required for the division machinery of the parasite was unknown; genetic deletion established that it is dispensable for basal complex constriction and asexual replication.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Gene knockout with phenotypic analysis of basal complex constriction and schizogony, plus GFP tagging, in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31283102\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Does not address whether MyoJ has a non-essential or redundant contribution to basal complex function\", \"GFP protein was undetectable, so localization during blood-stage replication was not established\", \"No mechanistic activity assigned\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"claim\": \"The fate of MyoJ across the life cycle was unknown; imaging showed it accumulates in the oocyst residual body, indicating it is discarded at the end of endomitotic division during sporogony.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Live-cell fluorescence imaging of GFP-tagged MyoJ in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31283102\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Single-method localization observation without functional follow-up\", \"Functional significance of residual-body accumulation unknown\", \"Does not establish a molecular role during sporogony\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether MyoJ physically associates with the basal complex was unknown; Co-IP/MS with PfCINCH plus IFA validation established it as a basal complex protein in P. falciparum.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry with PfCINCH and IFA of an endogenous smV5-tagged line co-stained with PfMORN1 in P. falciparum 3D7\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"37400439\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Direct binding versus indirect complex membership not resolved\", \"Molecular activity of MyoJ within the complex unknown\", \"No structural or stoichiometric data\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"claim\": \"The spatial and temporal organization of MyoJ within the basal complex was unknown; super-resolution imaging placed it in a distinct 'posterior cup' subcompartment recruited midway through segmentation.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Ultrastructure expansion microscopy and live-cell imaging of endogenously tagged proteins in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38829893\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Functional consequence of posterior-cup localization unknown\", \"Mechanism of temporal recruitment after PfSLACR unresolved\", \"Basis of uneven removal at segmentation end not defined\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular activity of MyoJ and its specific contribution to basal complex function during segmentation remain undefined.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No enzymatic or motor activity demonstrated for MyoJ\", \"No P. falciparum loss-of-function phenotype reported\", \"Interactions beyond PfCINCH co-IP not mapped\"],\n      \"attribution\": []\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000923\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [2, 3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [\"basal complex\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"PfCINCH\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Localizes to a distinct 'posterior cup' subcompartment of the basal complex during contraction, distinct from the PfCINCH-marked main ring [#3]\",\n      \"Recruited to the basal complex midway through segmentation, after PfSLACR [#3]\",\n      \"Dispensable for asexual blood-stage replication in P. berghei [#0]\",\n      \"Accumulates in the oocyst residual body during sporogony in P. berghei [#1]\"\n    ]\n  }\n}\n```","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1229800","name":null,"product":"myosin J, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1444500","name":null,"product":"myosin J","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1449200","name":null,"product":"myosin J, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"MyoJ","evaluation":null}