{"gene":"PF3D7_1213600","run_date":"2026-09-08T14:19:06","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2010,"finding":"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) was found to interact with P. falciparum myosin A and actin 1 in blood-stage parasites, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The interacting domains were mapped: on myosin A, sequences containing SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa segment of the myosin A head domain; on actin 1, sequences in subdomain IV.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP with domain mapping, single lab, two orthogonal methods (Co-IP and fluorescence co-localization)","pmids":["20421304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"finding":"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) co-localizes with myosin A and shows a cytoplasmic distribution similar to actin in blood-stage P. falciparum, as shown by fluorescence tagging and immunofluorescence staining with specific antibodies.","method":"Fluorescence tagging, immunofluorescence microscopy","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization experiment with co-localization data, single lab, corroborated by Co-IP binding data","pmids":["20421304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"finding":"Attempts to disrupt the dlc1 gene by reverse genetic approaches in both P. falciparum and P. berghei were unsuccessful (negative result), suggesting that PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) is either essential for parasite survival or its locus is inaccessible to disruption.","method":"Reverse genetics (gene disruption attempts)","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — negative result from single lab, single method; essentiality inferred but not directly demonstrated","pmids":["20421304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"finding":"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) protein is expressed at high levels in late trophozoites and schizonts of P. falciparum blood stages, indicating a role outside of flagellar motility context.","method":"Expression studies (protein detection)","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (protein expression profiling), no functional follow-up","pmids":["20421304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"In P. falciparum blood stages, DLC8 (PF3D7_1213600/PfDLC1) localizes to the cytoplasm where it physically interacts with myosin A (via SDIE/EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa head domain) and actin 1 (via subdomain IV), co-localizes with myosin A, and is expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts, suggesting a role in the actomyosin machinery during erythrocytic development rather than flagellar motility."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"DLC8 (PF3D7_1213600) is a putative dynein light chain that in Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage parasites associates with the actomyosin machinery rather than functioning in a flagellar context [PMID:20421304]. It physically interacts with myosin A and actin 1, with binding mapped to sequences containing the SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa segment of the myosin A head domain and to subdomain IV of actin 1 [PMID:20421304]. Consistent with these interactions, DLC8 shows a cytoplasmic distribution, co-localizes with myosin A, and is expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts [PMID:20421304]. Beyond this physical association with the actomyosin components and its expression pattern, the functional role of DLC8 has not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2010,"claim":"To determine whether this dynein light chain has a role outside flagellar motility, its binding partners were sought — establishing that DLC8 engages the blood-stage actomyosin machinery through defined interaction surfaces on myosin A and actin 1.","evidence":"Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation with domain mapping in P. falciparum blood-stage parasites","pmids":["20421304"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No structural model of the DLC8–myosin A or DLC8–actin 1 interface","Functional consequence of the interaction for motor activity or motility not tested","Single lab, not independently confirmed"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"claim":"To place the interaction in a cellular context, localization was examined — showing DLC8 has a cytoplasmic distribution and co-localizes with myosin A, consistent with its binding data.","evidence":"Fluorescence tagging and immunofluorescence microscopy in P. falciparum blood stages","pmids":["20421304"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Spatial resolution insufficient to define sub-compartmental positioning","Whether co-localization reflects a stable complex in vivo not established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"claim":"To assess whether DLC8 is required for parasite survival, gene disruption was attempted — the failure to disrupt the locus in two species inferred essentiality but did not demonstrate it directly.","evidence":"Reverse-genetic gene disruption attempts in P. falciparum and P. berghei","pmids":["20421304"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Negative result; essentiality inferred but not directly demonstrated","Locus inaccessibility cannot be excluded as the cause of failure","No conditional knockdown to define the null phenotype"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2010,"claim":"To relate expression to function, protein abundance was profiled across the erythrocytic cycle — peaking in late trophozoites and schizonts, arguing for a blood-stage role rather than flagellar motility.","evidence":"Stage-resolved protein detection in P. falciparum blood stages","pmids":["20421304"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single method with no functional follow-up","Expression peak does not identify the biochemical process DLC8 serves"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The mechanistic function of DLC8 within the actomyosin machinery — whether it modulates motor activity, regulates actin, or serves a scaffolding role — remains unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No functional assay linking DLC8 to actomyosin motor output","No structural characterization of its interactions","No conditional loss-of-function phenotype"],"attribution":[]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":["MYOSIN A (P. FALCIPARUM)","ACTIN 1 (P. FALCIPARUM)"],"other_free_text":["Binding mapped to SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa head domain of myosin A and to subdomain IV of actin 1 [#0]","Expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts of blood stages [#3]","Gene disruption unsuccessful in P. falciparum and P. berghei, consistent with possible essentiality or locus inaccessibility [#2]"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"20421304","id":"PMC_20421304","title":"Plasmodium falciparum dynein light chain 1 interacts with actin/myosin during blood stage development.","date":"2010","source":"The Journal of biological chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20421304","citation_count":15,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["dynein light chain 1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":3449,"output_tokens":1103,"usd":0.013446,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5875,"output_tokens":1975,"usd":0.039375,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.052821,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_011BPjN2BL33F8cJXD1r7V7T","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01Qwg6vP7qxkpL6Gsc7tajsb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) was found to interact with P. falciparum myosin A and actin 1 in blood-stage parasites, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The interacting domains were mapped: on myosin A, sequences containing SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa segment of the myosin A head domain; on actin 1, sequences in subdomain IV.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP with domain mapping, single lab, two orthogonal methods (Co-IP and fluorescence co-localization)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) co-localizes with myosin A and shows a cytoplasmic distribution similar to actin in blood-stage P. falciparum, as shown by fluorescence tagging and immunofluorescence staining with specific antibodies.\",\n      \"method\": \"Fluorescence tagging, immunofluorescence microscopy\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization experiment with co-localization data, single lab, corroborated by Co-IP binding data\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"Attempts to disrupt the dlc1 gene by reverse genetic approaches in both P. falciparum and P. berghei were unsuccessful (negative result), suggesting that PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) is either essential for parasite survival or its locus is inaccessible to disruption.\",\n      \"method\": \"Reverse genetics (gene disruption attempts)\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — negative result from single lab, single method; essentiality inferred but not directly demonstrated\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_1213600 (DLC8/PfDLC1) protein is expressed at high levels in late trophozoites and schizonts of P. falciparum blood stages, indicating a role outside of flagellar motility context.\",\n      \"method\": \"Expression studies (protein detection)\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (protein expression profiling), no functional follow-up\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"In P. falciparum blood stages, DLC8 (PF3D7_1213600/PfDLC1) localizes to the cytoplasm where it physically interacts with myosin A (via SDIE/EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa head domain) and actin 1 (via subdomain IV), co-localizes with myosin A, and is expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts, suggesting a role in the actomyosin machinery during erythrocytic development rather than flagellar motility.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"DLC8 (PF3D7_1213600) is a putative dynein light chain that in Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage parasites associates with the actomyosin machinery rather than functioning in a flagellar context [#0, #3]. It physically interacts with myosin A and actin 1, with binding mapped to sequences containing the SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa segment of the myosin A head domain and to subdomain IV of actin 1 [#0]. Consistent with these interactions, DLC8 shows a cytoplasmic distribution, co-localizes with myosin A, and is expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts [#1, #3]. Beyond this physical association with the actomyosin components and its expression pattern, the functional role of DLC8 has not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"To determine whether this dynein light chain has a role outside flagellar motility, its binding partners were sought — establishing that DLC8 engages the blood-stage actomyosin machinery through defined interaction surfaces on myosin A and actin 1.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation with domain mapping in P. falciparum blood-stage parasites\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No structural model of the DLC8–myosin A or DLC8–actin 1 interface\",\n        \"Functional consequence of the interaction for motor activity or motility not tested\",\n        \"Single lab, not independently confirmed\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"To place the interaction in a cellular context, localization was examined — showing DLC8 has a cytoplasmic distribution and co-localizes with myosin A, consistent with its binding data.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Fluorescence tagging and immunofluorescence microscopy in P. falciparum blood stages\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Spatial resolution insufficient to define sub-compartmental positioning\",\n        \"Whether co-localization reflects a stable complex in vivo not established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"To assess whether DLC8 is required for parasite survival, gene disruption was attempted — the failure to disrupt the locus in two species inferred essentiality but did not demonstrate it directly.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Reverse-genetic gene disruption attempts in P. falciparum and P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Negative result; essentiality inferred but not directly demonstrated\",\n        \"Locus inaccessibility cannot be excluded as the cause of failure\",\n        \"No conditional knockdown to define the null phenotype\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2010,\n      \"claim\": \"To relate expression to function, protein abundance was profiled across the erythrocytic cycle — peaking in late trophozoites and schizonts, arguing for a blood-stage role rather than flagellar motility.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Stage-resolved protein detection in P. falciparum blood stages\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"20421304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single method with no functional follow-up\",\n        \"Expression peak does not identify the biochemical process DLC8 serves\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The mechanistic function of DLC8 within the actomyosin machinery — whether it modulates motor activity, regulates actin, or serves a scaffolding role — remains unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No functional assay linking DLC8 to actomyosin motor output\",\n        \"No structural characterization of its interactions\",\n        \"No conditional loss-of-function phenotype\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": []\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0017022\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0003779\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0031032\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"Myosin A (P. falciparum)\",\n      \"Actin 1 (P. falciparum)\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Binding mapped to SDIE and/or EEMKT motifs in the upper 50-kDa head domain of myosin A and to subdomain IV of actin 1 [#0]\",\n      \"Expressed predominantly in late trophozoites and schizonts of blood stages [#3]\",\n      \"Gene disruption unsuccessful in P. falciparum and P. berghei, consistent with possible essentiality or locus inaccessibility [#2]\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":{"gene":"PF3D7_1213600","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 1 of 1 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_0822500). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1213600","name":null,"product":"dynein light chain 1, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1429400","name":null,"product":"dynein light chain 1, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1433100","name":null,"product":"dynein light chain 1, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"DLC8","evaluation":null}