{"gene":"PF3D7_1213500","run_date":"2026-09-08T16:26:55","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2022,"finding":"GPR180 (PbGPR180, ortholog of PF3D7_1213500) localizes to the plasma membrane in female gametes and ookinetes of P. berghei, as determined by direct localization experiments.","method":"Subcellular localization assay (immunofluorescence/live imaging)","journal":"Microbiology spectrum","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization experiment in a single lab with functional context, but abstract does not detail orthogonal validation methods","pmids":["35404079"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"Knockout of pbgpr180 (Δpbgpr180) in P. berghei has no effect on asexual blood-stage development but impairs gamete formation and reduces parasite transmission to mosquitoes, establishing a stage-specific role for GPR180 in gametogenesis.","method":"Genetic knockout (loss-of-function) with phenotypic readouts: gamete formation assay, mosquito feeding assay","journal":"Microbiology spectrum","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype and transmission assay, single lab","pmids":["35404079"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"In Δpbgpr180 gametocytes, intracellular cGMP levels are significantly reduced and cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization is delayed and reduced in magnitude during gametocyte activation, placing GPR180 upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway.","method":"cGMP quantification and Ca2+ mobilization measurement in knockout gametocytes; transcriptome analysis showing dysregulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling genes","journal":"Microbiology spectrum","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal biochemical readouts (cGMP, Ca2+, transcriptome) in a single lab KO study","pmids":["35404079"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"PbGPR180 protein physically interacts with several transmembrane transporter proteins and the small GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown.","method":"Protein interaction assay (co-immunoprecipitation or pulldown) in activated gametocytes","journal":"Microbiology spectrum","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single interaction method described only in abstract without detailed validation","pmids":["35404079"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"Allele replacement of pbgpr180 with the P. vivax ortholog pvgpr180 fully rescues sexual development in P. berghei, demonstrating functional conservation of GPR180 across Plasmodium species.","method":"Genetic complementation (allele replacement) with cross-species ortholog","journal":"Microbiology spectrum","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic epistasis/complementation in a single lab with clear functional readout","pmids":["35404079"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium vivax","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"GPR180 (PF3D7_1213500) is a plasma-membrane-associated protein expressed predominantly in gametocytes and ookinetes that functions upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway during gametogenesis; its deletion in P. berghei reduces cGMP levels, delays and diminishes Ca2+ mobilization, impairs gamete formation and mosquito transmission, and the protein physically associates with transmembrane transporters and the GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"GPR180 (PF3D7_1213500) is a plasma-membrane protein that acts as a stage-specific regulator of gametogenesis and mosquito transmission in Plasmodium, characterized entirely through its P. berghei ortholog PbGPR180 [PMID:35404079]. It localizes to the plasma membrane of female gametes and ookinetes [PMID:35404079], and its deletion leaves asexual blood-stage growth intact while impairing gamete formation and reducing transmission to mosquitoes [PMID:35404079]. Mechanistically, GPR180 functions upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling axis: loss of the gene lowers intracellular cGMP and delays and dampens cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization during gametocyte activation [PMID:35404079]. In activated gametocytes the protein physically associates with transmembrane transporter proteins and the small GTPase Rab6 [PMID:35404079]. Cross-species allele replacement with the P. vivax ortholog fully restores sexual development, establishing functional conservation of GPR180 across Plasmodium species [PMID:35404079]. Beyond these findings, the biochemical activity by which GPR180 modulates cGMP levels has not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2022,"claim":"Establishing where GPR180 acts required knowing its subcellular home; localization to the plasma membrane of female gametes and ookinetes placed the protein at the parasite surface during sexual stages.","evidence":"Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence/live imaging of PbGPR180 in P. berghei","pmids":["35404079"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No orthogonal localization validation or membrane-topology mapping described","Localization in asexual stages and male gametes not resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"Whether GPR180 has an essential or stage-restricted role was unknown; a clean knockout showed asexual growth is unaffected but gamete formation and mosquito transmission are impaired, defining a sexual-stage-specific function.","evidence":"Genetic knockout of pbgpr180 in P. berghei with gamete formation and mosquito feeding assays","pmids":["35404079"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Does not distinguish male versus female gametocyte contributions","Molecular step within gametogenesis that fails is not defined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"To place GPR180 in a signaling pathway, the consequences of its loss on second messengers were measured; reduced cGMP and delayed/diminished Ca2+ mobilization positioned GPR180 upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ cascade that drives gametocyte activation.","evidence":"cGMP quantification, Ca2+ mobilization measurement, and transcriptome analysis in knockout gametocytes of P. berghei","pmids":["35404079"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["The direct biochemical activity linking GPR180 to cGMP production is not identified","Whether the effect on cGMP is direct or secondary to another defect is unresolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"Identifying binding partners was needed to hint at molecular function; co-immunoprecipitation revealed association with transmembrane transporters and the small GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes.","evidence":"Co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown in activated P. berghei gametocytes","pmids":["35404079"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single interaction method without reciprocal validation described only in abstract","Functional significance of the Rab6 and transporter associations untested","Direct versus indirect nature of interactions unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"Whether GPR180 function is conserved across species was tested by cross-species complementation; the P. vivax ortholog fully rescued P. berghei sexual development, demonstrating functional conservation.","evidence":"Allele replacement of pbgpr180 with pvgpr180 in P. berghei","pmids":["35404079"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Conservation in the human parasite P. falciparum not directly demonstrated","Does not identify conserved functional residues or domains"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""},{"species":"Plasmodium vivax","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular mechanism by which GPR180 modulates cGMP and how its transporter/Rab6 associations relate to signaling remain unknown, as does direct validation in P. falciparum.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No enzymatic or receptor activity assigned to GPR180","No structural model or topology","No direct functional data on PF3D7_1213500 itself"],"attribution":[]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":["RAB6 (SMALL GTPASE)","TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORTER PROTEINS"],"other_free_text":["Plasma-membrane protein of female gametes and ookinetes (P. berghei ortholog PbGPR180) [#0]","Sexual-stage-specific; dispensable for asexual blood-stage growth but required for gamete formation and mosquito transmission [#1]","Acts upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway; knockout reduces cGMP and delays/dampens Ca2+ mobilization [#2]","Function is conserved across Plasmodium species: P. vivax ortholog rescues P. berghei sexual development [#4]","All direct evidence derives from P. berghei and P. vivax orthologs; no direct functional data on PF3D7_1213500 in P. falciparum in the corpus"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"35404079","id":"PMC_35404079","title":"A G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulates Gametogenesis via PKG-Mediated Signaling Cascade in Plasmodium berghei.","date":"2022","source":"Microbiology spectrum","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35404079","citation_count":15,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180","PbGPR180","PvGPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"40163471","id":"","title":"Advances in the dissection of Anopheles-Plasmodium interactions.","date":"2025","source":"PLoS pathogens","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40163471","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"35782151","id":"","title":"Gametogenesis in Plasmodium: Delving Deeper to Connect the Dots.","date":"2022","source":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35782151","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"38098083","id":"","title":"A dual-antigen malaria vaccine targeting Pb22 and Pbg37 was able to induce robust transmission-blocking activity.","date":"2023","source":"Parasites & vectors","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38098083","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"34830263","id":"","title":"Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum-Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit.","date":"2021","source":"International journal of molecular sciences","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34830263","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"36835283","id":"","title":"Genome-Wide Identification of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ciliated Eukaryotes.","date":"2023","source":"International journal of molecular sciences","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36835283","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"18365025","id":"","title":"Genome-wide detection of serpentine receptor-like proteins in malaria parasites.","date":"2008","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18365025","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GPR180"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":9309,"output_tokens":1230,"usd":0.023189,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6177,"output_tokens":2437,"usd":0.045905,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.069094,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01NE1MTa8x1hW7Lo4tAaNzY1","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0141vaQdeFvbo2q39AinvXM9","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"GPR180 (PbGPR180, ortholog of PF3D7_1213500) localizes to the plasma membrane in female gametes and ookinetes of P. berghei, as determined by direct localization experiments.\",\n      \"method\": \"Subcellular localization assay (immunofluorescence/live imaging)\",\n      \"journal\": \"Microbiology spectrum\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization experiment in a single lab with functional context, but abstract does not detail orthogonal validation methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"Knockout of pbgpr180 (Δpbgpr180) in P. berghei has no effect on asexual blood-stage development but impairs gamete formation and reduces parasite transmission to mosquitoes, establishing a stage-specific role for GPR180 in gametogenesis.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic knockout (loss-of-function) with phenotypic readouts: gamete formation assay, mosquito feeding assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"Microbiology spectrum\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype and transmission assay, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"In Δpbgpr180 gametocytes, intracellular cGMP levels are significantly reduced and cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization is delayed and reduced in magnitude during gametocyte activation, placing GPR180 upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway.\",\n      \"method\": \"cGMP quantification and Ca2+ mobilization measurement in knockout gametocytes; transcriptome analysis showing dysregulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling genes\",\n      \"journal\": \"Microbiology spectrum\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — multiple orthogonal biochemical readouts (cGMP, Ca2+, transcriptome) in a single lab KO study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"PbGPR180 protein physically interacts with several transmembrane transporter proteins and the small GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown.\",\n      \"method\": \"Protein interaction assay (co-immunoprecipitation or pulldown) in activated gametocytes\",\n      \"journal\": \"Microbiology spectrum\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single interaction method described only in abstract without detailed validation\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"Allele replacement of pbgpr180 with the P. vivax ortholog pvgpr180 fully rescues sexual development in P. berghei, demonstrating functional conservation of GPR180 across Plasmodium species.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic complementation (allele replacement) with cross-species ortholog\",\n      \"journal\": \"Microbiology spectrum\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic epistasis/complementation in a single lab with clear functional readout\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}, {\"species\": \"Plasmodium vivax\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"GPR180 (PF3D7_1213500) is a plasma-membrane-associated protein expressed predominantly in gametocytes and ookinetes that functions upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway during gametogenesis; its deletion in P. berghei reduces cGMP levels, delays and diminishes Ca2+ mobilization, impairs gamete formation and mosquito transmission, and the protein physically associates with transmembrane transporters and the GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"GPR180 (PF3D7_1213500) is a plasma-membrane protein that acts as a stage-specific regulator of gametogenesis and mosquito transmission in Plasmodium, characterized entirely through its P. berghei ortholog PbGPR180 [#0, #1]. It localizes to the plasma membrane of female gametes and ookinetes [#0], and its deletion leaves asexual blood-stage growth intact while impairing gamete formation and reducing transmission to mosquitoes [#1]. Mechanistically, GPR180 functions upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling axis: loss of the gene lowers intracellular cGMP and delays and dampens cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization during gametocyte activation [#2]. In activated gametocytes the protein physically associates with transmembrane transporter proteins and the small GTPase Rab6 [#3]. Cross-species allele replacement with the P. vivax ortholog fully restores sexual development, establishing functional conservation of GPR180 across Plasmodium species [#4]. Beyond these findings, the biochemical activity by which GPR180 modulates cGMP levels has not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing where GPR180 acts required knowing its subcellular home; localization to the plasma membrane of female gametes and ookinetes placed the protein at the parasite surface during sexual stages.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence/live imaging of PbGPR180 in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No orthogonal localization validation or membrane-topology mapping described\",\n        \"Localization in asexual stages and male gametes not resolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether GPR180 has an essential or stage-restricted role was unknown; a clean knockout showed asexual growth is unaffected but gamete formation and mosquito transmission are impaired, defining a sexual-stage-specific function.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Genetic knockout of pbgpr180 in P. berghei with gamete formation and mosquito feeding assays\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Does not distinguish male versus female gametocyte contributions\",\n        \"Molecular step within gametogenesis that fails is not defined\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"To place GPR180 in a signaling pathway, the consequences of its loss on second messengers were measured; reduced cGMP and delayed/diminished Ca2+ mobilization positioned GPR180 upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ cascade that drives gametocyte activation.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"cGMP quantification, Ca2+ mobilization measurement, and transcriptome analysis in knockout gametocytes of P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"The direct biochemical activity linking GPR180 to cGMP production is not identified\",\n        \"Whether the effect on cGMP is direct or secondary to another defect is unresolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Identifying binding partners was needed to hint at molecular function; co-immunoprecipitation revealed association with transmembrane transporters and the small GTPase Rab6 in activated gametocytes.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown in activated P. berghei gametocytes\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single interaction method without reciprocal validation described only in abstract\",\n        \"Functional significance of the Rab6 and transporter associations untested\",\n        \"Direct versus indirect nature of interactions unknown\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether GPR180 function is conserved across species was tested by cross-species complementation; the P. vivax ortholog fully rescued P. berghei sexual development, demonstrating functional conservation.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Allele replacement of pbgpr180 with pvgpr180 in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35404079\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Conservation in the human parasite P. falciparum not directly demonstrated\",\n        \"Does not identify conserved functional residues or domains\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"},\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium vivax\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular mechanism by which GPR180 modulates cGMP and how its transporter/Rab6 associations relate to signaling remain unknown, as does direct validation in P. falciparum.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No enzymatic or receptor activity assigned to GPR180\",\n        \"No structural model or topology\",\n        \"No direct functional data on PF3D7_1213500 itself\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": []\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005886\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0007276\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"Rab6 (small GTPase)\",\n      \"transmembrane transporter proteins\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Plasma-membrane protein of female gametes and ookinetes (P. berghei ortholog PbGPR180) [#0]\",\n      \"Sexual-stage-specific; dispensable for asexual blood-stage growth but required for gamete formation and mosquito transmission [#1]\",\n      \"Acts upstream of the cGMP–PKG–Ca2+ signaling pathway; knockout reduces cGMP and delays/dampens Ca2+ mobilization [#2]\",\n      \"Function is conserved across Plasmodium species: P. vivax ortholog rescues P. berghei sexual development [#4]\",\n      \"All direct evidence derives from P. berghei and P. vivax orthologs; no direct functional data on PF3D7_1213500 in P. falciparum in the corpus\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1213500","name":null,"product":"integral membrane protein GPR180, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1429300","name":null,"product":"integral membrane protein GPR180, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1433000","name":null,"product":"integral membrane protein GPR180, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"GPR180","evaluation":null}