{"gene":"PF3D7_1017300","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:51:28","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2005,"finding":"PfGRASP (PF3D7_1017300) is expressed as a 70 kDa protein throughout the asexual life cycle of P. falciparum and localizes to a single, juxtanuclear compartment (Golgi apparatus) in ring-stage parasites. This localization is distinct from the ER, co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker ERD2, and is insensitive to Brefeldin A. Correct subcellular localization depends on a cross-species conserved functional myristoylation motif.","method":"PfGRASP-GFP transgenic parasite live imaging, co-localization with ERD2, Brefeldin A treatment, mutagenesis of myristoylation motif","journal":"Journal of cell science","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — direct localization experiment with functional consequence (myristoylation mutagenesis), multiple orthogonal methods, published in peer-reviewed journal","pmids":["16306223"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2008,"finding":"GRASP (PF3D7_1017300) co-localizes with the cis-Golgi in a double-transfectant parasite line expressing GRASP-GFP and Rab6-DsRed, demonstrating that the cis- and trans-Golgi faces spatially separate during parasite maturation, and that Golgi multiplication is closely linked to transitional ER (tER) multiplication.","method":"Double-transfectant live-cell imaging (GRASP-GFP / Rab6-DsRed fusion parasites), co-localization analysis","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal fluorescent marker co-localization in live parasites, single lab, two markers","pmids":["18284574"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2008,"finding":"P. falciparum expresses two GRASP isoforms from PF3D7_1017300 via a splice variant: GRASP1 relies on a conserved myristoylation motif for Golgi targeting, whereas GRASP2 has a different hydrophobic N-terminus resembling a signal anchor that mediates Golgi association through a distinct, fungi-like mechanism of membrane attachment.","method":"Identification of splice variant, GFP-fusion localization assays, N-terminus mutagenesis/deletion, phylogenetic analysis","journal":"Journal of cell science","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization experiments with functional N-terminus manipulations, single lab, multiple constructs","pmids":["18522993"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2015,"finding":"GRASP (PF3D7_1017300) was used as a Golgi marker to confirm that AlF4 treatment of P. falciparum shifts Pfμ1 (AP-1 adaptor) away from the Golgi to an ER-associated compartment, as evidenced by decreased co-localization with GRASP. This establishes GRASP as a bona fide Golgi resident marker in functional trafficking studies.","method":"Immunofluorescence co-localization of Pfμ1-GFP with GRASP, AlF4 pharmacological treatment","journal":"Biochimica et biophysica acta","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — GRASP used instrumentally as a marker; single indirect method, no direct mechanistic study of GRASP itself","pmids":["25573429"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2025,"finding":"In P. berghei, GRASP associates with PbATG8-positive autophagosomes containing micronemes during liver-stage development. Genetic knockout of PbGRASP shows no discernible phenotype in mosquito stages or asexual blood stage growth, but PbGRASP-KO liver stages form small schizonts at mid-infection followed by growth resumption. PbGRASP-KO hepatic merozoites egress normally but induce higher parasitemia with delayed and reduced cerebral malaria symptoms, indicating a regulatory role for GRASP in controlling parasite proliferation and virulence in the mammalian host.","method":"PbGRASP knockout (KO) parasites, live imaging of GRASP-autophagosome association, mouse infection models measuring parasitemia and cerebral malaria phenotype","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic KO with defined cellular and in vivo phenotypic readouts, co-localization with ATG8 autophagosomes, single lab","pmids":["40143578"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PF3D7_1017300 (GRASP) encodes two isoforms (GRASP1 and GRASP2) via alternative splicing in P. falciparum: GRASP1 is targeted to a single juxtanuclear cis-Golgi compartment via a conserved myristoylation motif, while GRASP2 uses a hydrophobic signal-anchor-like N-terminus for Golgi membrane attachment; in P. berghei, GRASP associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes during liver-stage microneme elimination and plays a regulatory role in parasite proliferation and virulence in the mammalian host, with its knockout producing no phenotype in mosquito or blood stages but causing altered liver-stage schizogony and increased blood-stage parasitemia with reduced cerebral malaria."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_1017300 (GRASP) is a Golgi re-assembly stacking protein of the malaria parasite that marks and organizes the parasite's cis-Golgi compartment across the asexual life cycle [PMID:16306223]. The gene is expressed as a 70 kDa protein localizing to a single juxtanuclear Golgi compartment distinct from the ER, co-localizing with the cis-Golgi marker ERD2 and remaining insensitive to Brefeldin A [PMID:16306223]. In P. falciparum, PF3D7_1017300 produces two isoforms via alternative splicing that reach the Golgi by distinct routes: GRASP1 depends on a cross-species conserved myristoylation motif for correct Golgi targeting [PMID:16306223, PMID:18522993], whereas GRASP2 uses a distinct hydrophobic, signal-anchor-like N-terminus for membrane attachment [PMID:18522993]. Its cis-Golgi residency spatially separates from the trans-Golgi (Rab6-marked) face during parasite maturation, with Golgi multiplication linked to transitional-ER multiplication [PMID:18284574]. Beyond its role as a Golgi organizer, the P. berghei ortholog associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes during liver-stage development and acts as a regulator of parasite proliferation and virulence: knockout parasites are normal in mosquito and blood stages but show altered liver-stage schizogony and, following normal merozoite egress, produce higher parasitemia with delayed and reduced cerebral malaria [PMID:40143578]. No enzymatic activity, direct binding partners, or structural model for PF3D7_1017300 itself have been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2005,"claim":"Establishing where GRASP resides answered whether the parasite maintains a discrete Golgi compartment and how the protein is targeted there.","evidence":"GFP-fusion live imaging with ERD2 co-localization, Brefeldin A treatment, and myristoylation-motif mutagenesis in P. falciparum transgenic parasites","pmids":["16306223"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Does not identify GRASP binding partners or its molecular function in Golgi stacking","No structural characterization of the myristoylation-dependent targeting"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2008,"claim":"Reciprocal marker imaging established that the GRASP-marked cis-Golgi separates spatially from the trans-Golgi during maturation, linking Golgi biogenesis to the transitional ER.","evidence":"Double-transfectant live imaging of GRASP-GFP with Rab6-DsRed in P. falciparum","pmids":["18284574"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Two markers in a single lab; mechanism coupling Golgi and tER multiplication not defined","No functional perturbation of GRASP tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2008,"claim":"Discovery of two splice isoforms answered how a single gene achieves Golgi association through two distinct membrane-attachment strategies.","evidence":"Splice-variant identification, GFP-fusion localization, and N-terminus deletion/mutagenesis with phylogenetic analysis in P. falciparum","pmids":["18522993"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Functional distinction between GRASP1 and GRASP2 roles not established","Whether both isoforms are simultaneously required is untested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2015,"claim":"GRASP served instrumentally as a validated Golgi resident marker, reinforcing its cis-Golgi localization while not addressing its own mechanism.","evidence":"Immunofluorescence co-localization of Pfμ1-GFP with GRASP under AlF4 treatment in P. falciparum","pmids":["25573429"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["GRASP used only as a marker; no direct mechanistic data on GRASP","Single indirect readout"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2025,"claim":"Genetic knockout in P. berghei answered whether GRASP has a physiological role beyond Golgi structure, revealing a stage-specific function in liver-stage growth control and host virulence.","evidence":"PbGRASP knockout parasites with GRASP-autophagosome (ATG8) co-localization imaging and mouse infection models scoring parasitemia and cerebral malaria","pmids":["40143578"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Molecular link between GRASP, ATG8 autophagosomes and microneme elimination not defined","How Golgi function relates to the liver-stage/virulence phenotype is unresolved","Single lab; not confirmed in P. falciparum"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The biochemical function of GRASP in Golgi stacking, its direct partners, and the mechanism connecting its Golgi role to autophagosome-associated liver-stage regulation remain unknown.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No direct binding partners or substrates identified for PF3D7_1017300","No structural model","Mechanism of GRASP-mediated Golgi stacking in the parasite uncharacterized"],"attribution":[]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Two isoforms (GRASP1, GRASP2) generated by alternative splicing in P. falciparum; GRASP1 targeted via a conserved myristoylation motif, GRASP2 via a hydrophobic signal-anchor-like N-terminus [#0, #2]","Expressed as a ~70 kDa protein throughout the asexual life cycle; cis-Golgi localization is Brefeldin A-insensitive and distinct from ER [#0]","In P. berghei, associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes containing micronemes during liver-stage development; knockout alters liver-stage schizogony and increases blood-stage parasitemia with reduced cerebral malaria [#4]"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"16306223","id":"PMC_16306223","title":"Re-defining the Golgi complex in Plasmodium falciparum using the novel Golgi marker PfGRASP.","date":"2005","source":"Journal of cell science","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16306223","citation_count":83,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GRASP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"18284574","id":"PMC_18284574","title":"Spatial dissection of the cis- and trans-Golgi compartments in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2008","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18284574","citation_count":38,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GRASP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"18522993","id":"PMC_18522993","title":"Plasmodium falciparum possesses two GRASP proteins that are differentially targeted to the Golgi complex via a higher- and lower-eukaryote-like mechanism.","date":"2008","source":"Journal of cell science","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18522993","citation_count":32,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GRASP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"25573429","id":"PMC_25573429","title":"A role for adaptor protein complex 1 in protein targeting to rhoptry organelles in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2015","source":"Biochimica et biophysica acta","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25573429","citation_count":22,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GRASP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"40143578","id":"PMC_40143578","title":"The Plasmodium GRASP Homolog Modulates Liver Stage Development, Subsequent Blood Infection and Virulence in Mice.","date":"2025","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40143578","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["GRASP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":5146,"output_tokens":1677,"usd":0.020296,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6711,"output_tokens":2599,"usd":0.049265,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.069561,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DisAaTypwmC8QwdMBuePHo","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0184zxZTqxiEfdYYfPMfkqjb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2005,\n      \"finding\": \"PfGRASP (PF3D7_1017300) is expressed as a 70 kDa protein throughout the asexual life cycle of P. falciparum and localizes to a single, juxtanuclear compartment (Golgi apparatus) in ring-stage parasites. This localization is distinct from the ER, co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker ERD2, and is insensitive to Brefeldin A. Correct subcellular localization depends on a cross-species conserved functional myristoylation motif.\",\n      \"method\": \"PfGRASP-GFP transgenic parasite live imaging, co-localization with ERD2, Brefeldin A treatment, mutagenesis of myristoylation motif\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of cell science\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — direct localization experiment with functional consequence (myristoylation mutagenesis), multiple orthogonal methods, published in peer-reviewed journal\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"16306223\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"finding\": \"GRASP (PF3D7_1017300) co-localizes with the cis-Golgi in a double-transfectant parasite line expressing GRASP-GFP and Rab6-DsRed, demonstrating that the cis- and trans-Golgi faces spatially separate during parasite maturation, and that Golgi multiplication is closely linked to transitional ER (tER) multiplication.\",\n      \"method\": \"Double-transfectant live-cell imaging (GRASP-GFP / Rab6-DsRed fusion parasites), co-localization analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal fluorescent marker co-localization in live parasites, single lab, two markers\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"18284574\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"finding\": \"P. falciparum expresses two GRASP isoforms from PF3D7_1017300 via a splice variant: GRASP1 relies on a conserved myristoylation motif for Golgi targeting, whereas GRASP2 has a different hydrophobic N-terminus resembling a signal anchor that mediates Golgi association through a distinct, fungi-like mechanism of membrane attachment.\",\n      \"method\": \"Identification of splice variant, GFP-fusion localization assays, N-terminus mutagenesis/deletion, phylogenetic analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of cell science\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization experiments with functional N-terminus manipulations, single lab, multiple constructs\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"18522993\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"GRASP (PF3D7_1017300) was used as a Golgi marker to confirm that AlF4 treatment of P. falciparum shifts Pfμ1 (AP-1 adaptor) away from the Golgi to an ER-associated compartment, as evidenced by decreased co-localization with GRASP. This establishes GRASP as a bona fide Golgi resident marker in functional trafficking studies.\",\n      \"method\": \"Immunofluorescence co-localization of Pfμ1-GFP with GRASP, AlF4 pharmacological treatment\",\n      \"journal\": \"Biochimica et biophysica acta\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — GRASP used instrumentally as a marker; single indirect method, no direct mechanistic study of GRASP itself\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25573429\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"finding\": \"In P. berghei, GRASP associates with PbATG8-positive autophagosomes containing micronemes during liver-stage development. Genetic knockout of PbGRASP shows no discernible phenotype in mosquito stages or asexual blood stage growth, but PbGRASP-KO liver stages form small schizonts at mid-infection followed by growth resumption. PbGRASP-KO hepatic merozoites egress normally but induce higher parasitemia with delayed and reduced cerebral malaria symptoms, indicating a regulatory role for GRASP in controlling parasite proliferation and virulence in the mammalian host.\",\n      \"method\": \"PbGRASP knockout (KO) parasites, live imaging of GRASP-autophagosome association, mouse infection models measuring parasitemia and cerebral malaria phenotype\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic KO with defined cellular and in vivo phenotypic readouts, co-localization with ATG8 autophagosomes, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40143578\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PF3D7_1017300 (GRASP) encodes two isoforms (GRASP1 and GRASP2) via alternative splicing in P. falciparum: GRASP1 is targeted to a single juxtanuclear cis-Golgi compartment via a conserved myristoylation motif, while GRASP2 uses a hydrophobic signal-anchor-like N-terminus for Golgi membrane attachment; in P. berghei, GRASP associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes during liver-stage microneme elimination and plays a regulatory role in parasite proliferation and virulence in the mammalian host, with its knockout producing no phenotype in mosquito or blood stages but causing altered liver-stage schizogony and increased blood-stage parasitemia with reduced cerebral malaria.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_1017300 (GRASP) is a Golgi re-assembly stacking protein of the malaria parasite that marks and organizes the parasite's cis-Golgi compartment across the asexual life cycle [#0]. The gene is expressed as a 70 kDa protein localizing to a single juxtanuclear Golgi compartment distinct from the ER, co-localizing with the cis-Golgi marker ERD2 and remaining insensitive to Brefeldin A [#0]. In P. falciparum, PF3D7_1017300 produces two isoforms via alternative splicing that reach the Golgi by distinct routes: GRASP1 depends on a cross-species conserved myristoylation motif for correct Golgi targeting [#0, #2], whereas GRASP2 uses a distinct hydrophobic, signal-anchor-like N-terminus for membrane attachment [#2]. Its cis-Golgi residency spatially separates from the trans-Golgi (Rab6-marked) face during parasite maturation, with Golgi multiplication linked to transitional-ER multiplication [#1]. Beyond its role as a Golgi organizer, the P. berghei ortholog associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes during liver-stage development and acts as a regulator of parasite proliferation and virulence: knockout parasites are normal in mosquito and blood stages but show altered liver-stage schizogony and, following normal merozoite egress, produce higher parasitemia with delayed and reduced cerebral malaria [#4]. No enzymatic activity, direct binding partners, or structural model for PF3D7_1017300 itself have been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2005,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing where GRASP resides answered whether the parasite maintains a discrete Golgi compartment and how the protein is targeted there.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"GFP-fusion live imaging with ERD2 co-localization, Brefeldin A treatment, and myristoylation-motif mutagenesis in P. falciparum transgenic parasites\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"16306223\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Does not identify GRASP binding partners or its molecular function in Golgi stacking\", \"No structural characterization of the myristoylation-dependent targeting\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"claim\": \"Reciprocal marker imaging established that the GRASP-marked cis-Golgi separates spatially from the trans-Golgi during maturation, linking Golgi biogenesis to the transitional ER.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Double-transfectant live imaging of GRASP-GFP with Rab6-DsRed in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"18284574\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Two markers in a single lab; mechanism coupling Golgi and tER multiplication not defined\", \"No functional perturbation of GRASP tested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2008,\n      \"claim\": \"Discovery of two splice isoforms answered how a single gene achieves Golgi association through two distinct membrane-attachment strategies.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Splice-variant identification, GFP-fusion localization, and N-terminus deletion/mutagenesis with phylogenetic analysis in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"18522993\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Functional distinction between GRASP1 and GRASP2 roles not established\", \"Whether both isoforms are simultaneously required is untested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"GRASP served instrumentally as a validated Golgi resident marker, reinforcing its cis-Golgi localization while not addressing its own mechanism.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Immunofluorescence co-localization of Pfμ1-GFP with GRASP under AlF4 treatment in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"25573429\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"GRASP used only as a marker; no direct mechanistic data on GRASP\", \"Single indirect readout\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2025,\n      \"claim\": \"Genetic knockout in P. berghei answered whether GRASP has a physiological role beyond Golgi structure, revealing a stage-specific function in liver-stage growth control and host virulence.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"PbGRASP knockout parasites with GRASP-autophagosome (ATG8) co-localization imaging and mouse infection models scoring parasitemia and cerebral malaria\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"40143578\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Molecular link between GRASP, ATG8 autophagosomes and microneme elimination not defined\", \"How Golgi function relates to the liver-stage/virulence phenotype is unresolved\", \"Single lab; not confirmed in P. falciparum\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The biochemical function of GRASP in Golgi stacking, its direct partners, and the mechanism connecting its Golgi role to autophagosome-associated liver-stage regulation remain unknown.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No direct binding partners or substrates identified for PF3D7_1017300\", \"No structural model\", \"Mechanism of GRASP-mediated Golgi stacking in the parasite uncharacterized\"],\n      \"attribution\": []\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005794\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 2, 3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000137\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000139\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005776\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [4]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0007030\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 2]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0006914\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [4]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Two isoforms (GRASP1, GRASP2) generated by alternative splicing in P. falciparum; GRASP1 targeted via a conserved myristoylation motif, GRASP2 via a hydrophobic signal-anchor-like N-terminus [#0, #2]\",\n      \"Expressed as a ~70 kDa protein throughout the asexual life cycle; cis-Golgi localization is Brefeldin A-insensitive and distinct from ER [#0]\",\n      \"In P. berghei, associates with ATG8-positive autophagosomes containing micronemes during liver-stage development; knockout alters liver-stage schizogony and increases blood-stage parasitemia with reduced cerebral malaria [#4]\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_1017300","name":null,"product":"golgi re-assembly stacking protein 1, golgi re-assembly stacking protein 2","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_0501600","name":null,"product":"golgi re-assembly stacking protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_0601500","name":null,"product":"golgi re-assembly stacking protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"GRASP","evaluation":null}