{"gene":"PF3D7_0921400","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:51:27","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2017,"finding":"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU/PfNfu), a NifU-like carrier protein in the P. falciparum apicoplast SUF pathway, functions as a homodimer and mediates transfer of [4Fe-4S] clusters from the PfSufB-C2-D scaffold complex to a model [4Fe-4S] target protein with higher efficiency than the A-type carrier PfSufA.","method":"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay; in vitro interaction/biochemical characterization","journal":"The FEBS journal","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1 / Weak — in vitro reconstitution assay demonstrating cluster transfer activity, but single lab, single study","pmids":["28695709"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2021,"finding":"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU/PfNifU-like protein) functions as a putative cluster-carrier in the P. falciparum mitochondrial ISC pathway, but is less efficient than PfIscA2 in transferring [4Fe-4S] clusters to apo-aconitase B in vitro.","method":"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay comparing carrier efficiency","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1 / Weak — in vitro reconstitution assay, single lab, single study; negative comparison result (less efficient than PfIscA2) is mechanistically informative","pmids":["34032321"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2013,"finding":"Ablation of the NifU-encoding gene (NFUapi/PF3D7_0921400 ortholog) in P. berghei produces viable parasites capable of completing the entire life cycle, indicating redundant or non-essential functions; however, nfu(−) parasites displayed reduced merosome formation in vitro, suggesting an auxiliary role in establishing blood-stage infection from liver stages.","method":"Genetic knockout in P. berghei; fluorescent protein tagging for apicoplast localization; in vitro merosome formation assay","journal":"PloS one","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic knockout with specific phenotypic readout (merosome formation) and direct localization by fluorescent tagging, single lab","pmids":["23805304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2013,"finding":"NifU (PF3D7_0921400 ortholog) fused to a fluorescent protein-epitope tag localizes to the apicoplast in P. berghei, and this apicoplast signal is abolished by azithromycin treatment but unaffected by fosmidomycin.","method":"Live fluorescence imaging of GFP/epitope-tagged fusion protein; drug treatment with azithromycin and fosmidomycin","journal":"PloS one","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization by live imaging with functional drug-treatment validation, single lab","pmids":["23805304"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"Individual deletion of NfuApi (PF3D7_0921400) in P. falciparum blood stages is dispensable for parasite survival (in an apicoplast bypass line); however, double deletion of NfuApi together with SufA results in synthetic lethality, demonstrating that NfuApi and SufA play redundant roles in delivering [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential [Fe-S] proteins in the apicoplast.","method":"Genetic deletion (individual and combinatorial) in PfMev apicoplast bypass parasite line; synthetic lethality assay","journal":"mBio","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — clean genetic deletions with apicoplast bypass system, synthetic lethality demonstrated with combinatorial knockouts, rigorous controls, single lab but multiple orthogonal genetic approaches","pmids":["35164549"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU) is an apicoplast-localized, homodimeric NifU-like [Fe-S] cluster carrier in P. falciparum that transfers [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold (PfSufB-C2-D) to downstream [Fe-S] target proteins, and also acts (with lower efficiency) as a cluster carrier in the mitochondrial ISC pathway; it is individually dispensable for blood-stage and whole-life-cycle survival but acts redundantly with SufA to deliver [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast proteins, as shown by synthetic lethality upon double deletion, and plays an auxiliary role in liver-stage merosome formation."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU) is a NifU-like [Fe-S] cluster carrier of Plasmodium that operates primarily within the apicoplast SUF pathway of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis [PMID:28695709, PMID:23805304]. Acting as a homodimer, it accepts [4Fe-4S] clusters from the PfSufB-C2-D scaffold complex and transfers them to downstream target [4Fe-4S] proteins in vitro, doing so more efficiently than the A-type carrier PfSufA [PMID:28695709]. It can also function, with lower efficiency than PfIscA2, as a carrier that delivers [4Fe-4S] clusters to apo-aconitase B in the mitochondrial ISC pathway [PMID:34032321]. Consistent with a carrier role that is functionally backed up by parallel carriers, NifU is individually dispensable for parasite survival: its ortholog can be ablated in P. berghei with completion of the full life cycle, though nfu(-) parasites show reduced merosome formation, and individual deletion of NfuApi in P. falciparum blood stages is tolerated in an apicoplast bypass line [PMID:23805304, PMID:35164549]. Its essentiality is revealed only in combination: double deletion of NfuApi with SufA is synthetically lethal, establishing that the two carriers act redundantly to deliver [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast [Fe-S] proteins [PMID:35164549]. Beyond these cluster-transfer and genetic-redundancy findings, no further mechanistic detail on NifU has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2013,"claim":"Establishing where NifU acts and whether it is essential was the first question; genetic ablation of the ortholog showed the carrier is dispensable for the life cycle yet contributes to the liver-to-blood transition.","evidence":"Genetic knockout in P. berghei with in vitro merosome formation assay","pmids":["23805304"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Does not identify the molecular basis of the merosome-formation defect","Redundancy with other carriers not tested at the genetic level here","Phenotype shown in P. berghei, not P. falciparum"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2013,"claim":"To place NifU in a subcellular pathway, its localization was resolved and shown to be apicoplast-dependent, tying its function to that organelle.","evidence":"Live fluorescence imaging of GFP/epitope-tagged fusion in P. berghei with azithromycin and fosmidomycin treatment","pmids":["23805304"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Import/targeting mechanism not defined","Localization determined in P. berghei ortholog, not P. falciparum protein directly"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"claim":"The biochemical function was defined by showing NifU is a homodimeric carrier that receives [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold and passes them to a target protein, quantitatively outperforming PfSufA.","evidence":"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay and biochemical characterization in P. falciparum","pmids":["28695709"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Physiological target proteins beyond a model substrate not identified","Single lab in vitro reconstitution","Interaction with SufB-C2-D not structurally resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2021,"claim":"Whether NifU also contributes to mitochondrial cluster assembly was tested; it can carry [4Fe-4S] to apo-aconitase B but less efficiently than PfIscA2, indicating an auxiliary, lower-priority role in the ISC pathway.","evidence":"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay comparing carrier efficiency in P. falciparum","pmids":["34032321"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["In vivo relevance of mitochondrial activity not demonstrated","Whether the protein is dually localized in cells not shown here","Single in vitro comparison"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"The apparent dispensability was resolved as functional redundancy: individual deletion is tolerated but co-deletion with SufA is synthetically lethal, proving both carriers redundantly supply clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast proteins.","evidence":"Individual and combinatorial genetic deletion in the PfMev apicoplast bypass line with synthetic lethality assay","pmids":["35164549"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Full inventory of essential [Fe-S] client proteins not defined","Molecular basis of carrier selectivity between NifU and SufA unresolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The complete set of physiological [Fe-S] client proteins NifU serves, and the structural/kinetic basis by which cluster hand-off is partitioned between NifU, SufA, and IscA2, remain open.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No structural model of NifU or its scaffold/target complexes","Endogenous apicoplast targets beyond ferredoxin not enumerated","In vivo significance of the mitochondrial ISC activity untested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":["PFSUFB-C2-D SCAFFOLD COMPLEX (CLUSTER DONOR, IN VITRO) [#0]","PFSUFA (REDUNDANT APICOPLAST CARRIER; SYNTHETIC LETHALITY) [#4]"],"other_free_text":["Functions as a homodimer that transfers [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold to target proteins more efficiently than PfSufA [#0].","Can carry [4Fe-4S] to apo-aconitase B in the mitochondrial ISC pathway but less efficiently than PfIscA2 [#1].","Individually dispensable for blood-stage survival and whole P. berghei life cycle; nfu(-) parasites show reduced merosome formation [#2, #4].","Synthetically lethal with SufA, indicating redundant delivery of clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast [Fe-S] proteins [#4].","Apicoplast localization is abolished by azithromycin but unaffected by fosmidomycin [#3]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"28695709","id":"PMC_28695709","title":"[Fe-S] cluster assembly in the apicoplast and its indispensability in mosquito stages of the malaria parasite.","date":"2017","source":"The FEBS journal","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28695709","citation_count":30,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["NifU"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"35164549","id":"PMC_35164549","title":"Roles of Ferredoxin-Dependent Proteins in the Apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites.","date":"2022","source":"mBio","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35164549","citation_count":21,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["curated_ref"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"23805304","id":"PMC_23805304","title":"Experimental Genetics of Plasmodium berghei NFU in the Apicoplast Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis Pathway.","date":"2013","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23805304","citation_count":16,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["NifU"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"34032321","id":"PMC_34032321","title":"[Fe-S] biogenesis and unusual assembly of the ISC scaffold complex in the Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrion.","date":"2021","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34032321","citation_count":11,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfNifU"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":5100,"output_tokens":1499,"usd":0.018892,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6471,"output_tokens":2787,"usd":0.051015,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.069907,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DisAaTypwmC8QwdMBuePHo","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0184zxZTqxiEfdYYfPMfkqjb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU/PfNfu), a NifU-like carrier protein in the P. falciparum apicoplast SUF pathway, functions as a homodimer and mediates transfer of [4Fe-4S] clusters from the PfSufB-C2-D scaffold complex to a model [4Fe-4S] target protein with higher efficiency than the A-type carrier PfSufA.\",\n      \"method\": \"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay; in vitro interaction/biochemical characterization\",\n      \"journal\": \"The FEBS journal\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1 / Weak — in vitro reconstitution assay demonstrating cluster transfer activity, but single lab, single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28695709\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"finding\": \"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU/PfNifU-like protein) functions as a putative cluster-carrier in the P. falciparum mitochondrial ISC pathway, but is less efficient than PfIscA2 in transferring [4Fe-4S] clusters to apo-aconitase B in vitro.\",\n      \"method\": \"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay comparing carrier efficiency\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1 / Weak — in vitro reconstitution assay, single lab, single study; negative comparison result (less efficient than PfIscA2) is mechanistically informative\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34032321\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"finding\": \"Ablation of the NifU-encoding gene (NFUapi/PF3D7_0921400 ortholog) in P. berghei produces viable parasites capable of completing the entire life cycle, indicating redundant or non-essential functions; however, nfu(−) parasites displayed reduced merosome formation in vitro, suggesting an auxiliary role in establishing blood-stage infection from liver stages.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic knockout in P. berghei; fluorescent protein tagging for apicoplast localization; in vitro merosome formation assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"PloS one\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic knockout with specific phenotypic readout (merosome formation) and direct localization by fluorescent tagging, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23805304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"finding\": \"NifU (PF3D7_0921400 ortholog) fused to a fluorescent protein-epitope tag localizes to the apicoplast in P. berghei, and this apicoplast signal is abolished by azithromycin treatment but unaffected by fosmidomycin.\",\n      \"method\": \"Live fluorescence imaging of GFP/epitope-tagged fusion protein; drug treatment with azithromycin and fosmidomycin\",\n      \"journal\": \"PloS one\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization by live imaging with functional drug-treatment validation, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23805304\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"Individual deletion of NfuApi (PF3D7_0921400) in P. falciparum blood stages is dispensable for parasite survival (in an apicoplast bypass line); however, double deletion of NfuApi together with SufA results in synthetic lethality, demonstrating that NfuApi and SufA play redundant roles in delivering [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential [Fe-S] proteins in the apicoplast.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic deletion (individual and combinatorial) in PfMev apicoplast bypass parasite line; synthetic lethality assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"mBio\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — clean genetic deletions with apicoplast bypass system, synthetic lethality demonstrated with combinatorial knockouts, rigorous controls, single lab but multiple orthogonal genetic approaches\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35164549\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU) is an apicoplast-localized, homodimeric NifU-like [Fe-S] cluster carrier in P. falciparum that transfers [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold (PfSufB-C2-D) to downstream [Fe-S] target proteins, and also acts (with lower efficiency) as a cluster carrier in the mitochondrial ISC pathway; it is individually dispensable for blood-stage and whole-life-cycle survival but acts redundantly with SufA to deliver [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast proteins, as shown by synthetic lethality upon double deletion, and plays an auxiliary role in liver-stage merosome formation.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_0921400 (NifU) is a NifU-like [Fe-S] cluster carrier of Plasmodium that operates primarily within the apicoplast SUF pathway of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis [#0, #3]. Acting as a homodimer, it accepts [4Fe-4S] clusters from the PfSufB-C2-D scaffold complex and transfers them to downstream target [4Fe-4S] proteins in vitro, doing so more efficiently than the A-type carrier PfSufA [#0]. It can also function, with lower efficiency than PfIscA2, as a carrier that delivers [4Fe-4S] clusters to apo-aconitase B in the mitochondrial ISC pathway [#1]. Consistent with a carrier role that is functionally backed up by parallel carriers, NifU is individually dispensable for parasite survival: its ortholog can be ablated in P. berghei with completion of the full life cycle, though nfu(-) parasites show reduced merosome formation, and individual deletion of NfuApi in P. falciparum blood stages is tolerated in an apicoplast bypass line [#2, #4]. Its essentiality is revealed only in combination: double deletion of NfuApi with SufA is synthetically lethal, establishing that the two carriers act redundantly to deliver [Fe-S] clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast [Fe-S] proteins [#4]. Beyond these cluster-transfer and genetic-redundancy findings, no further mechanistic detail on NifU has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing where NifU acts and whether it is essential was the first question; genetic ablation of the ortholog showed the carrier is dispensable for the life cycle yet contributes to the liver-to-blood transition.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Genetic knockout in P. berghei with in vitro merosome formation assay\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23805304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Does not identify the molecular basis of the merosome-formation defect\", \"Redundancy with other carriers not tested at the genetic level here\", \"Phenotype shown in P. berghei, not P. falciparum\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2013,\n      \"claim\": \"To place NifU in a subcellular pathway, its localization was resolved and shown to be apicoplast-dependent, tying its function to that organelle.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Live fluorescence imaging of GFP/epitope-tagged fusion in P. berghei with azithromycin and fosmidomycin treatment\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"23805304\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Import/targeting mechanism not defined\", \"Localization determined in P. berghei ortholog, not P. falciparum protein directly\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"The biochemical function was defined by showing NifU is a homodimeric carrier that receives [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold and passes them to a target protein, quantitatively outperforming PfSufA.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay and biochemical characterization in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28695709\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Physiological target proteins beyond a model substrate not identified\", \"Single lab in vitro reconstitution\", \"Interaction with SufB-C2-D not structurally resolved\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2021,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether NifU also contributes to mitochondrial cluster assembly was tested; it can carry [4Fe-4S] to apo-aconitase B but less efficiently than PfIscA2, indicating an auxiliary, lower-priority role in the ISC pathway.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"In vitro [Fe-S] cluster transfer assay comparing carrier efficiency in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"34032321\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"In vivo relevance of mitochondrial activity not demonstrated\", \"Whether the protein is dually localized in cells not shown here\", \"Single in vitro comparison\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"The apparent dispensability was resolved as functional redundancy: individual deletion is tolerated but co-deletion with SufA is synthetically lethal, proving both carriers redundantly supply clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast proteins.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Individual and combinatorial genetic deletion in the PfMev apicoplast bypass line with synthetic lethality assay\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35164549\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Full inventory of essential [Fe-S] client proteins not defined\", \"Molecular basis of carrier selectivity between NifU and SufA unresolved\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The complete set of physiological [Fe-S] client proteins NifU serves, and the structural/kinetic basis by which cluster hand-off is partitioned between NifU, SufA, and IscA2, remain open.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No structural model of NifU or its scaffold/target complexes\", \"Endogenous apicoplast targets beyond ferredoxin not enumerated\", \"In vivo significance of the mitochondrial ISC activity untested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0051536\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0016226\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 4]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0051537\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0042803\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0009507\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0020011\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0016226\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1, 4]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"PfSufB-C2-D scaffold complex (cluster donor, in vitro) [#0]\",\n      \"PfSufA (redundant apicoplast carrier; synthetic lethality) [#4]\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Functions as a homodimer that transfers [4Fe-4S] clusters from the SUF scaffold to target proteins more efficiently than PfSufA [#0].\",\n      \"Can carry [4Fe-4S] to apo-aconitase B in the mitochondrial ISC pathway but less efficiently than PfIscA2 [#1].\",\n      \"Individually dispensable for blood-stage survival and whole P. berghei life cycle; nfu(-) parasites show reduced merosome formation [#2, #4].\",\n      \"Synthetically lethal with SufA, indicating redundant delivery of clusters to ferredoxin and other essential apicoplast [Fe-S] proteins [#4].\",\n      \"Apicoplast localization is abolished by azithromycin but unaffected by fosmidomycin [#3].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}\n```","audit_flag":{"gene":"PF3D7_0921400","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 2 of 4 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_0623200, PF3D7_0207200, PF3D7_0322500). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0921400","name":null,"product":"NifU-like scaffold protein","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_0822300","name":null,"product":"NifU-like scaffold protein","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_0719400","name":null,"product":"NifU-like scaffold protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"NifU","evaluation":null}