{"gene":"PF3D7_0825400","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:51:27","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2011,"finding":"Seven epitope-tagged canonical ATP synthase subunits of P. falciparum, including the subunit encoded by PF3D7_0825400, were localized to the mitochondrion by immunological tools; blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membranes showed the ATP synthase complex exceeds 1 million daltons, consistent with dimeric assembly, suggesting the presence of previously unknown subunits beyond the canonical ones.","method":"Epitope-tagging and immunofluorescence localization; blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane fractions","journal":"The Journal of biological chemistry","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — direct localization by epitope-tag in transgenic parasites and native gel electrophoresis in a single lab; PF3D7_0825400 is one of seven subunits studied collectively but no subunit-specific functional dissection reported","pmids":["21984828"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2009,"finding":"Bioinformatic and proteomics-based analysis identified candidate ATP synthase subunit a and subunit b in Plasmodium spp.; the transmembrane helix IV of ATP synthase subunit a (relevant to the F(o) sector) was found to lack an essential Arg residue present in canonical orthologs, indicating divergence of Plasmodium ATP synthase membrane anchor subunits.","method":"Computational identification using structural fingerprints and proteomics data from other protists","journal":"Mitochondrion","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 4 / Weak — computational/bioinformatic identification only, no direct experimental validation of PF3D7_0825400 function","pmids":["19682605"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is a putative ATP synthase-associated subunit that localizes to the P. falciparum mitochondrion and is part of a large (>1 MDa) dimeric ATP synthase complex assembled in the mitochondrial membrane, but no subunit-specific enzymatic or interaction data beyond complex membership have been experimentally established for this protein."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is a putative ATP synthase-associated subunit of the Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrion. It was localized to the parasite mitochondrion as one of seven epitope-tagged canonical ATP synthase subunits, and blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membranes established that the ATP synthase complex it belongs to exceeds 1 MDa, consistent with a dimeric assembly and implying subunits beyond the canonical set [PMID:21984828]. Beyond its membership in this large mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, no subunit-specific enzymatic activity, interaction, or functional role has been experimentally established for PF3D7_0825400 in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2011,"claim":"It was unknown whether the canonical ATP synthase subunits of P. falciparum, including the product of PF3D7_0825400, are mitochondrial and assemble into a defined complex; epitope-tagging placed the protein in the mitochondrion and native gels showed it belongs to a >1 MDa dimeric complex, establishing its physical context.","evidence":"Epitope-tagging with immunofluorescence localization and blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane fractions in transgenic P. falciparum","pmids":["21984828"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No subunit-specific function or enzymatic contribution of PF3D7_0825400 was dissected; it was studied only collectively among seven subunits","Direct interaction partners within the complex were not resolved","Whether PF3D7_0825400 is required for complex assembly or activity was not tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The specific molecular role of PF3D7_0825400 within the divergent Plasmodium ATP synthase complex — its enzymatic contribution, its direct partner subunits, and its requirement for complex assembly or activity — remains uncharacterized in the available corpus.","evidence":"No direct experimental evidence addressing PF3D7_0825400-specific function is present in the timeline","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No subunit-specific interaction data","No structural placement within the complex","No genetic knockout or knockdown phenotype for PF3D7_0825400 itself"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Mitochondrial ATP synthase complex (>1 MDa, dimeric) [#0]"],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is established only as a member of the P. falciparum mitochondrial ATP synthase complex; no subunit-specific enzymatic or interaction data have been experimentally established [#0].","A separate computational/proteomic study of Plasmodium ATP synthase subunit a/b divergence (PMID 19682605) does not provide direct experimental evidence about PF3D7_0825400 itself [#1]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"25831536","id":"PMC_25831536","title":"Mitochondrial ATP synthase is dispensable in blood-stage Plasmodium berghei rodent malaria but essential in the mosquito phase.","date":"2015","source":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25831536","citation_count":91,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["ATP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"15552397","id":"PMC_15552397","title":"The multiple roles of the mitochondrion of the malarial parasite.","date":"2004","source":"Parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15552397","citation_count":66,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["ATP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"25823686","id":"PMC_25823686","title":"Triaminopyrimidine is a fast-killing and long-acting antimalarial clinical candidate.","date":"2015","source":"Nature communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25823686","citation_count":59,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["ATP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"21984828","id":"PMC_21984828","title":"ATP synthase complex of Plasmodium falciparum: dimeric assembly in mitochondrial membranes and resistance to genetic disruption.","date":"2011","source":"The Journal of biological chemistry","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21984828","citation_count":54,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["ATP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"19682605","id":"PMC_19682605","title":"Identification of mitochondrial Complex II subunits SDH3 and SDH4 and ATP synthase subunits a and b in Plasmodium spp.","date":"2009","source":"Mitochondrion","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682605","citation_count":27,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["ATP"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":4901,"output_tokens":669,"usd":0.012369,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5303,"output_tokens":1266,"usd":0.029083,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.041452,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DisAaTypwmC8QwdMBuePHo","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0184zxZTqxiEfdYYfPMfkqjb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"finding\": \"Seven epitope-tagged canonical ATP synthase subunits of P. falciparum, including the subunit encoded by PF3D7_0825400, were localized to the mitochondrion by immunological tools; blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membranes showed the ATP synthase complex exceeds 1 million daltons, consistent with dimeric assembly, suggesting the presence of previously unknown subunits beyond the canonical ones.\",\n      \"method\": \"Epitope-tagging and immunofluorescence localization; blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane fractions\",\n      \"journal\": \"The Journal of biological chemistry\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — direct localization by epitope-tag in transgenic parasites and native gel electrophoresis in a single lab; PF3D7_0825400 is one of seven subunits studied collectively but no subunit-specific functional dissection reported\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21984828\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2009,\n      \"finding\": \"Bioinformatic and proteomics-based analysis identified candidate ATP synthase subunit a and subunit b in Plasmodium spp.; the transmembrane helix IV of ATP synthase subunit a (relevant to the F(o) sector) was found to lack an essential Arg residue present in canonical orthologs, indicating divergence of Plasmodium ATP synthase membrane anchor subunits.\",\n      \"method\": \"Computational identification using structural fingerprints and proteomics data from other protists\",\n      \"journal\": \"Mitochondrion\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 4 / Weak — computational/bioinformatic identification only, no direct experimental validation of PF3D7_0825400 function\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"19682605\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is a putative ATP synthase-associated subunit that localizes to the P. falciparum mitochondrion and is part of a large (>1 MDa) dimeric ATP synthase complex assembled in the mitochondrial membrane, but no subunit-specific enzymatic or interaction data beyond complex membership have been experimentally established for this protein.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is a putative ATP synthase-associated subunit of the Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrion. It was localized to the parasite mitochondrion as one of seven epitope-tagged canonical ATP synthase subunits, and blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membranes established that the ATP synthase complex it belongs to exceeds 1 MDa, consistent with a dimeric assembly and implying subunits beyond the canonical set [#0]. Beyond its membership in this large mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, no subunit-specific enzymatic activity, interaction, or functional role has been experimentally established for PF3D7_0825400 in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"claim\": \"It was unknown whether the canonical ATP synthase subunits of P. falciparum, including the product of PF3D7_0825400, are mitochondrial and assemble into a defined complex; epitope-tagging placed the protein in the mitochondrion and native gels showed it belongs to a >1 MDa dimeric complex, establishing its physical context.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Epitope-tagging with immunofluorescence localization and blue native gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane fractions in transgenic P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\n        \"21984828\"\n      ],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No subunit-specific function or enzymatic contribution of PF3D7_0825400 was dissected; it was studied only collectively among seven subunits\",\n        \"Direct interaction partners within the complex were not resolved\",\n        \"Whether PF3D7_0825400 is required for complex assembly or activity was not tested\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The specific molecular role of PF3D7_0825400 within the divergent Plasmodium ATP synthase complex — its enzymatic contribution, its direct partner subunits, and its requirement for complex assembly or activity — remains uncharacterized in the available corpus.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct experimental evidence addressing PF3D7_0825400-specific function is present in the timeline\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No subunit-specific interaction data\",\n        \"No structural placement within the complex\",\n        \"No genetic knockout or knockdown phenotype for PF3D7_0825400 itself\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\n        \"term_id\": \"GO:0005739\",\n        \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [\n          0\n        ]\n      }\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"Mitochondrial ATP synthase complex (>1 MDa, dimeric) [#0]\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"PF3D7_0825400 (ATPTG15) is established only as a member of the P. falciparum mitochondrial ATP synthase complex; no subunit-specific enzymatic or interaction data have been experimentally established [#0].\",\n      \"A separate computational/proteomic study of Plasmodium ATP synthase subunit a/b divergence (PMID 19682605) does not provide direct experimental evidence about PF3D7_0825400 itself [#1].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":{"gene":"PF3D7_0825400","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 1 of 2 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_0611100, PF3D7_1010300). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0825400","name":null,"product":"ATP synthase-associated protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_0705200","name":null,"product":"ATP synthase-associated protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1319400","name":null,"product":"ATP synthase-associated protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"ATPTG15","evaluation":null}