{"gene":"PF3D7_0822600","run_date":"2026-09-08T16:26:55","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2003,"finding":"A putative SEC23 homologue of P. falciparum was localized to Maurer's clefts by direct experimental methods (immunofluorescence/microscopy), indicating this COPII coat component has an unusual subcellular distribution in the intraerythrocytic parasite distinct from canonical ER exit sites.","method":"Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence/microscopy (direct localization experiment)","journal":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single localization study by one lab; direct immunofluorescence experiment but no functional consequence established and not independently replicated in the corpus.","pmids":["12850265"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"finding":"SEC23 (PF3D7_0822600) was co-immunoprecipitated with K13 (PfKelch13) from P. falciparum parasite lysates using K13-specific monoclonal antibodies, identifying SEC23 as a putative K13-associated protein involved in vesicular trafficking from the ER.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies followed by mass spectrometry identification","journal":"PLoS pathogens","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single Co-IP experiment from one lab; no reciprocal pulldown or functional validation of the interaction reported in the abstract.","pmids":["32310999"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2015,"finding":"SEC23 was identified as an interactor of PfSec13 (a COPII coat component) in P. falciparum by HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation, consistent with membership in the COPII vesicle coat complex.","method":"HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) as reported in Dahan-Pasternak et al., cited in the WDR analysis paper","journal":"PloS one","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single co-IP result cited secondarily in a pan-gene analysis paper; original experimental detail not directly available in this abstract.","pmids":["26043001"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"P. falciparum SEC23 (PF3D7_0822600) is a COPII coat component that localizes to Maurer's clefts in intraerythrocytic parasites (rather than canonical ER exit sites), co-immunoprecipitates with both PfSec13 (consistent with COPII complex membership) and with the artemisinin-resistance factor K13, suggesting it participates in ER-based vesicular trafficking that intersects with K13-regulated pathways, though its precise mechanistic role remains uncharacterized."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_0822600 (SEC23) is a putative COPII coat component of P. falciparum implicated in ER-based vesicular trafficking within the intraerythrocytic parasite [PMID:12850265, PMID:26043001]. Unusually, it localizes to Maurer's clefts rather than to canonical ER exit sites, marking a divergent subcellular distribution for this coat component in the malaria parasite [PMID:12850265]. Consistent with COPII complex membership, SEC23 co-immunoprecipitates with the coat component PfSec13 [PMID:26043001], and it also associates with the artemisinin-resistance determinant K13 (PfKelch13), placing it within a K13-linked vesicular trafficking pathway from the ER [PMID:32310999]. Beyond these localization and interaction observations, the precise molecular function, cargo, and mechanistic role of PF3D7_0822600 have not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2003,"claim":"Whether a P. falciparum SEC23 homologue behaves like a canonical ER-exit-site COPII component was unknown; localizing it revealed an unexpected distribution to Maurer's clefts, hinting that COPII machinery is repurposed in the intraerythrocytic parasite.","evidence":"Immunofluorescence/microscopy subcellular localization in P. falciparum","pmids":["12850265"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No functional consequence of the Maurer's clefts localization was established","Not independently replicated in the corpus","Relationship to a canonical ER exit site pool was not resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2015,"claim":"To test whether the parasite SEC23 acts as a COPII coat subunit, its physical association with the coat component PfSec13 was probed, supporting membership in the COPII vesicle coat complex.","evidence":"HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum (cited secondarily in a WDR analysis paper)","pmids":["26043001"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single co-IP cited secondarily; original experimental detail not directly available","No reciprocal pulldown or reconstitution of the COPII coat","Stoichiometry and directness of the SEC23-Sec13 interaction unresolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"claim":"Whether SEC23 intersects with the artemisinin-resistance pathway was unknown; identifying it as a K13-associated protein linked this COPII component to K13-regulated ER trafficking.","evidence":"Co-immunoprecipitation with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies plus mass spectrometry in P. falciparum","pmids":["32310999"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single Co-IP with no reciprocal pulldown or functional validation of the K13 interaction","Directness versus indirect complex-mediated association not distinguished","Functional role of SEC23 in K13-mediated resistance not established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular function of PF3D7_0822600 within COPII-mediated trafficking, its cargo, and the mechanistic significance of its Maurer's clefts localization and K13 association remain uncharacterized.","evidence":"No direct functional, genetic, or structural study of PF3D7_0822600 present in the corpus","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No genetic knockdown/knockout phenotype for PF3D7_0822600","No cargo or GTPase-regulation data linking it to COPII vesicle budding","No structural or reconstitution evidence for coat assembly"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["COPII vesicle coat complex"],"partners":["PFSEC13","K13 (PFKELCH13)"],"other_free_text":["Association with the artemisinin-resistance determinant K13 places PF3D7_0822600 in a K13-linked ER trafficking pathway [#1].","All evidence for PF3D7_0822600 rests on localization and single co-immunoprecipitation experiments; no direct functional characterization exists in the corpus."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"12850265","id":"PMC_12850265","title":"A putative Sec23 homologue of Plasmodium falciparum is located in Maurer's clefts.","date":"2003","source":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850265","citation_count":29,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"37791074","id":"","title":"Regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in Apicomplexan parasites.","date":"2023","source":"Frontiers in cell and developmental 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microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33604307","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"30704415","id":"","title":"A genome-wide analysis of coatomer protein (COP) subunits of apicomplexan parasites and their evolutionary relationships.","date":"2019","source":"BMC genomics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30704415","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"32310999","id":"","title":"Insights into the intracellular localization, protein associations and artemisinin resistance properties of Plasmodium falciparum K13.","date":"2020","source":"PLoS 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one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26043001","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"28115054","id":"","title":"Motility precedes egress of malaria parasites from oocysts.","date":"2017","source":"eLife","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28115054","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"18706115","id":"","title":"Dynamic RNA profiling in Plasmodium falciparum synchronized blood stages exposed to lethal doses of artesunate.","date":"2008","source":"BMC genomics","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18706115","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"24086721","id":"","title":"Comparative genomic analysis of multi-subunit tethering complexes demonstrates an ancient pan-eukaryotic complement and sculpting in Apicomplexa.","date":"2013","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24086721","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SEC23"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":14333,"output_tokens":880,"usd":0.028099,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5567,"output_tokens":1799,"usd":0.036405,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.064504,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01NE1MTa8x1hW7Lo4tAaNzY1","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0141vaQdeFvbo2q39AinvXM9","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2003,\n      \"finding\": \"A putative SEC23 homologue of P. falciparum was localized to Maurer's clefts by direct experimental methods (immunofluorescence/microscopy), indicating this COPII coat component has an unusual subcellular distribution in the intraerythrocytic parasite distinct from canonical ER exit sites.\",\n      \"method\": \"Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence/microscopy (direct localization experiment)\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular and biochemical parasitology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single localization study by one lab; direct immunofluorescence experiment but no functional consequence established and not independently replicated in the corpus.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"12850265\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"finding\": \"SEC23 (PF3D7_0822600) was co-immunoprecipitated with K13 (PfKelch13) from P. falciparum parasite lysates using K13-specific monoclonal antibodies, identifying SEC23 as a putative K13-associated protein involved in vesicular trafficking from the ER.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies followed by mass spectrometry identification\",\n      \"journal\": \"PLoS pathogens\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single Co-IP experiment from one lab; no reciprocal pulldown or functional validation of the interaction reported in the abstract.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32310999\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"finding\": \"SEC23 was identified as an interactor of PfSec13 (a COPII coat component) in P. falciparum by HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation, consistent with membership in the COPII vesicle coat complex.\",\n      \"method\": \"HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) as reported in Dahan-Pasternak et al., cited in the WDR analysis paper\",\n      \"journal\": \"PloS one\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single co-IP result cited secondarily in a pan-gene analysis paper; original experimental detail not directly available in this abstract.\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26043001\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"P. falciparum SEC23 (PF3D7_0822600) is a COPII coat component that localizes to Maurer's clefts in intraerythrocytic parasites (rather than canonical ER exit sites), co-immunoprecipitates with both PfSec13 (consistent with COPII complex membership) and with the artemisinin-resistance factor K13, suggesting it participates in ER-based vesicular trafficking that intersects with K13-regulated pathways, though its precise mechanistic role remains uncharacterized.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_0822600 (SEC23) is a putative COPII coat component of P. falciparum implicated in ER-based vesicular trafficking within the intraerythrocytic parasite [#0, #2]. Unusually, it localizes to Maurer's clefts rather than to canonical ER exit sites, marking a divergent subcellular distribution for this coat component in the malaria parasite [#0]. Consistent with COPII complex membership, SEC23 co-immunoprecipitates with the coat component PfSec13 [#2], and it also associates with the artemisinin-resistance determinant K13 (PfKelch13), placing it within a K13-linked vesicular trafficking pathway from the ER [#1]. Beyond these localization and interaction observations, the precise molecular function, cargo, and mechanistic role of PF3D7_0822600 have not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2003,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether a P. falciparum SEC23 homologue behaves like a canonical ER-exit-site COPII component was unknown; localizing it revealed an unexpected distribution to Maurer's clefts, hinting that COPII machinery is repurposed in the intraerythrocytic parasite.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Immunofluorescence/microscopy subcellular localization in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"12850265\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No functional consequence of the Maurer's clefts localization was established\",\n        \"Not independently replicated in the corpus\",\n        \"Relationship to a canonical ER exit site pool was not resolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2015,\n      \"claim\": \"To test whether the parasite SEC23 acts as a COPII coat subunit, its physical association with the coat component PfSec13 was probed, supporting membership in the COPII vesicle coat complex.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"HA-tag co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum (cited secondarily in a WDR analysis paper)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26043001\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single co-IP cited secondarily; original experimental detail not directly available\",\n        \"No reciprocal pulldown or reconstitution of the COPII coat\",\n        \"Stoichiometry and directness of the SEC23-Sec13 interaction unresolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether SEC23 intersects with the artemisinin-resistance pathway was unknown; identifying it as a K13-associated protein linked this COPII component to K13-regulated ER trafficking.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies plus mass spectrometry in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32310999\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single Co-IP with no reciprocal pulldown or functional validation of the K13 interaction\",\n        \"Directness versus indirect complex-mediated association not distinguished\",\n        \"Functional role of SEC23 in K13-mediated resistance not established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function of PF3D7_0822600 within COPII-mediated trafficking, its cargo, and the mechanistic significance of its Maurer's clefts localization and K13 association remain uncharacterized.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"No direct functional, genetic, or structural study of PF3D7_0822600 present in the corpus\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No genetic knockdown/knockout phenotype for PF3D7_0822600\",\n        \"No cargo or GTPase-regulation data linking it to COPII vesicle budding\",\n        \"No structural or reconstitution evidence for coat assembly\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"Maurer's clefts\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"COPII-mediated ER vesicular trafficking\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"COPII vesicle coat complex\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"PfSec13\", \"K13 (PfKelch13)\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Association with the artemisinin-resistance determinant K13 places PF3D7_0822600 in a K13-linked ER trafficking pathway [#1].\",\n      \"All evidence for PF3D7_0822600 rests on localization and single co-immunoprecipitation experiments; no direct functional characterization exists in the corpus.\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0822600","name":null,"product":"protein transport protein SEC23","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_0708000","name":null,"product":"protein transport protein SEC23, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1316600","name":null,"product":"protein transport protein SEC23, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"SEC23","evaluation":null}