{"gene":"PF3D7_0811600","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:51:27","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":1996,"finding":"MAP1 (Pfmap-1) was identified as a MAP kinase homologue in P. falciparum; in addition to a conserved MAPK catalytic domain, MAP1 contains a highly charged C-terminal extension with two sets of repeated amino acid motifs, and its mRNA is approximately 3.7 kb. The gene is located on chromosome 14.","method":"PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides, computer sequence comparison, Northern blot, chromosome mapping","journal":"Gene","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct molecular characterization of the gene and protein sequence features in a single study with multiple methods (PCR, Northern, chromosomal mapping)","pmids":["8921836"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2007,"finding":"MAP1 (Pfmap-1) is dispensable for in vitro asexual schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony in the mosquito vector in P. falciparum, as demonstrated by reverse genetics knockout. However, Pfmap-2 protein levels are elevated in pfmap-1(−) parasites, suggesting MAP1 fulfils a function in asexual parasites that necessitates compensatory adaptation when absent.","method":"Reverse genetics (gene knockout), parasite phenotyping across life-cycle stages, Western blot for Pfmap-2 protein levels","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — clean genetic knockout with multi-stage phenotyping and Western blot compensation evidence, replicated conceptually in [4]","pmids":["17651389"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2006,"finding":"Pfnek3 (a NIMA-family kinase) phosphorylates and activates Pfmap-2 in vitro but does NOT phosphorylate or stimulate MAP1 (Pfmap-1), indicating that Pfnek3-mediated upstream activation is specific to Pfmap-2 and not MAP1.","method":"In vitro kinase assay with recombinant proteins","journal":"FEBS letters","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1 / Moderate — in vitro biochemical assay; negative result for MAP1 is explicitly stated; single lab, single method","pmids":["17064692"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"finding":"Single and double null mutants of MAP1 (PfMAP-1) and PfMAP-2 show no defect in asexual proliferation, sexual commitment, or gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum, confirming MAP1 is dispensable for these stages.","method":"Genetic knockout (single and double null mutants), phenotypic analysis of asexual and sexual blood stages","journal":"Scientific reports","confidence":"High","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Strong — clean double-null mutant genetics with multi-stage phenotyping, independently replicating the [17651389] finding","pmids":["32681115"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2000,"finding":"The MAP1 orthologue pymap-1 mRNA in P. yoelii is expressed during both exoerythrocytic (liver) stages and erythrocytic stages, detectable as early as 12 hours post sporozoite infection in the liver and peaking at 43 hours.","method":"RT-PCR and Northern blot of RNA from liver-stage and blood-stage infected mice","journal":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — transcript-level detection only (RT-PCR and Northern blot), single study, no functional consequence demonstrated","pmids":["11087914"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium yoelii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"MAP1 (PF3D7_0811600) is a P. falciparum MAPK homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a distinctive charged C-terminal repeat extension; it is dispensable for asexual blood-stage schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony, but its absence leads to elevated PfMAP-2 protein levels suggesting a compensatory interaction; it is not a substrate of the NIMA-kinase Pfnek3, which selectively activates PfMAP-2."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"MAP1 (PF3D7_0811600) is a Plasmodium falciparum mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue defined by a conserved MAPK catalytic domain and a distinctive highly charged C-terminal extension carrying two sets of repeated amino acid motifs [PMID:8921836]. Genetic ablation studies establish that MAP1 is dispensable for asexual blood-stage schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony, both as a single knockout and in combination with PfMAP-2 [PMID:17651389, PMID:32681115]. The elevation of PfMAP-2 protein levels in MAP1-null parasites points to a functional relationship between the two kinases in which loss of MAP1 is buffered by compensatory adaptation [PMID:17651389]. Upstream regulation distinguishes MAP1 from PfMAP-2: the NIMA-family kinase Pfnek3 phosphorylates and activates PfMAP-2 but neither phosphorylates nor stimulates MAP1, indicating MAP1 is not a Pfnek3 substrate [PMID:17064692]. Beyond these findings, the direct catalytic substrates, activating kinase, and precise cellular role of MAP1 have not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":1996,"claim":"Establishing whether P. falciparum encodes a MAP kinase and what distinguishes it structurally was the first question; identifying MAP1 as a MAPK homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a unique charged C-terminal repeat extension defined the protein as a candidate signalling kinase.","evidence":"Degenerate-oligonucleotide PCR, sequence comparison, Northern blot, and chromosome mapping","pmids":["8921836"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No catalytic activity or substrate demonstrated","Function of the C-terminal charged repeat extension unknown","Protein-level expression and localization not established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2000,"claim":"Whether the MAP1 orthologue is expressed outside blood stages was addressed by showing pymap-1 transcript in both liver and erythrocytic stages of P. yoelii, extending the potential activity window across the life cycle.","evidence":"RT-PCR and Northern blot of liver- and blood-stage RNA from infected mice (P. yoelii ortholog)","pmids":["11087914"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Transcript-level detection only, no protein or functional consequence shown","Result is from P. yoelii, not P. falciparum","Does not indicate what MAP1 does in liver stages"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium yoelii","strain":""}]},{"year":2006,"claim":"The question of MAP1's upstream activator was tested against the NIMA-kinase Pfnek3; the finding that Pfnek3 activates PfMAP-2 but not MAP1 established that Pfnek3-mediated activation is specific to PfMAP-2 and that MAP1's activating kinase remains unidentified.","evidence":"In vitro kinase assay with recombinant proteins","pmids":["17064692"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["The true upstream activating kinase of MAP1 is not identified","In vitro negative result; a cellular activator interaction is not excluded","No downstream substrate of MAP1 tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2007,"claim":"Whether MAP1 is essential was answered by knockout, showing dispensability across asexual and sexual stages and sporogony while PfMAP-2 protein levels rose, establishing MAP1 as non-essential under standard conditions but functionally intertwined with PfMAP-2.","evidence":"Reverse-genetics knockout with multi-stage phenotyping and Western blot for PfMAP-2 levels","pmids":["17651389"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["Molecular basis of PfMAP-2 elevation (compensation) not defined","The specific process MAP1 normally performs remains unknown","No conditional or stress-condition phenotype examined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"claim":"Whether combined loss of MAP1 and PfMAP-2 unmasks a phenotype was tested with single and double null mutants, confirming dispensability for asexual proliferation, sexual commitment, and gametocytogenesis and reinforcing that neither kinase is required for these stages.","evidence":"Single and double null mutant genetics with phenotypic analysis of asexual and sexual blood stages","pmids":["32681115"],"confidence":"High","gaps":["No positive functional role for MAP1 identified even in the double-null context","Substrates and signalling output still undefined","Whether a phenotype exists in transmission or liver stages not fully resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The catalytic substrates, physiological activating kinase, and the specific cellular process performed by MAP1 remain unidentified, as does the mechanistic basis of its functional relationship with PfMAP-2.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No direct MAP1 substrate identified","Upstream activating kinase unknown","Mechanism of PfMAP-2 compensation upon MAP1 loss uncharacterized"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":["PFMAP-2 (FUNCTIONAL/COMPENSATORY RELATIONSHIP; ELEVATED IN MAP1-NULL PARASITES) [#1, #3]","PFNEK3 (DOES NOT PHOSPHORYLATE OR ACTIVATE MAP1; ACTIVATES PFMAP-2 INSTEAD) [#2]"],"other_free_text":["MAP1 is a MAP kinase homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a distinctive highly charged C-terminal extension bearing two sets of repeated amino acid motifs; mRNA ~3.7 kb; gene on chromosome 14 [#0].","Dispensable for asexual schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony as single and double (with PfMAP-2) null mutants [#1, #3].","In P. yoelii the ortholog pymap-1 is transcribed in both liver (exoerythrocytic) and erythrocytic stages [#4]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"17651389","id":"PMC_17651389","title":"Functional characterization of both MAP kinases of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by reverse genetics.","date":"2007","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17651389","citation_count":91,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"8921836","id":"PMC_8921836","title":"A MAP kinase homologue from the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"1996","source":"Gene","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8921836","citation_count":52,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"17064692","id":"PMC_17064692","title":"Pfnek3: an atypical activator of a MAP kinase in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2006","source":"FEBS letters","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17064692","citation_count":40,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"32681115","id":"PMC_32681115","title":"PfMAP-2 is essential for male gametogenesis in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2020","source":"Scientific reports","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32681115","citation_count":35,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"17662247","id":"PMC_17662247","title":"Pfnek3 functions as an atypical MAPKK in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2007","source":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662247","citation_count":12,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"11087914","id":"PMC_11087914","title":"A study of selected Plasmodium yoelii messenger RNAs during hepatocyte infection.","date":"2000","source":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11087914","citation_count":7,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PyMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"37563696","id":"PMC_37563696","title":"A heparin-binding protein of Plasmodium berghei is associated with merozoite invasion of erythrocytes.","date":"2023","source":"Parasites & vectors","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37563696","citation_count":4,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PbMAP1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":6011,"output_tokens":1874,"usd":0.023072,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6314,"output_tokens":2641,"usd":0.048798,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.07187,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DisAaTypwmC8QwdMBuePHo","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_0184zxZTqxiEfdYYfPMfkqjb","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"I need to carefully distinguish between:\n1. PF3D7_0811600 = MAP1 (Pfmap-1) - the query gene\n2. PfMAP-2 (a different MAPK) - a sibling family member\n3. PbMAP1 (PBANKA_1425900) - in paper [7], this is described as \"a heparin-binding protein\" involved in merozoite invasion - this appears to be a DIFFERENT gene in P. berghei that happens to share the \"MAP1\" abbreviation but encodes a merozoite attachment protein, NOT the MAPK homologue. This is a collision/different gene.\n\nLet me analyze each paper:\n\n- [1]: Studies both Pfmap-1 (MAP1) and Pfmap-2. The relevant finding for MAP1 is that pfmap-1 knockout parasites show no defect in schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, or sporogony, but Pfmap-2 levels are elevated in pfmap-1(-) parasites.\n- [2]: Identifies Pfmap-1 gene, describes it as a MAP kinase homologue with a charged C-terminal extension with repeated motifs, located on chromosome 14.\n- [3]: Tests Pfnek3 against Pfmap1 - notably NEGATIVE: Pfnek3 does NOT phosphorylate/stimulate Pfmap1 (only Pfmap2).\n- [4]: Double null mutants of PfMAP-2 and PfMAP-1 show no defect in asexual proliferation, sexual commitment, or gametocytogenesis.\n- [5]: Site-directed mutagenesis of Pfmap2, not MAP1. Negative finding: Pfnek3 does not act on Pfmap1.\n- [6]: P. yoelii pymap-1 mRNA is detected in both exoerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages by RT-PCR/Northern blot.\n- [7]: PbMAP1 (PBANKA_1425900) is a heparin-binding merozoite protein - this is a DIFFERENT gene, not the MAPK homologue. EXCLUDE.\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1996,\n      \"finding\": \"MAP1 (Pfmap-1) was identified as a MAP kinase homologue in P. falciparum; in addition to a conserved MAPK catalytic domain, MAP1 contains a highly charged C-terminal extension with two sets of repeated amino acid motifs, and its mRNA is approximately 3.7 kb. The gene is located on chromosome 14.\",\n      \"method\": \"PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides, computer sequence comparison, Northern blot, chromosome mapping\",\n      \"journal\": \"Gene\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct molecular characterization of the gene and protein sequence features in a single study with multiple methods (PCR, Northern, chromosomal mapping)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"8921836\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2007,\n      \"finding\": \"MAP1 (Pfmap-1) is dispensable for in vitro asexual schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony in the mosquito vector in P. falciparum, as demonstrated by reverse genetics knockout. However, Pfmap-2 protein levels are elevated in pfmap-1(−) parasites, suggesting MAP1 fulfils a function in asexual parasites that necessitates compensatory adaptation when absent.\",\n      \"method\": \"Reverse genetics (gene knockout), parasite phenotyping across life-cycle stages, Western blot for Pfmap-2 protein levels\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — clean genetic knockout with multi-stage phenotyping and Western blot compensation evidence, replicated conceptually in [4]\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"17651389\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2006,\n      \"finding\": \"Pfnek3 (a NIMA-family kinase) phosphorylates and activates Pfmap-2 in vitro but does NOT phosphorylate or stimulate MAP1 (Pfmap-1), indicating that Pfnek3-mediated upstream activation is specific to Pfmap-2 and not MAP1.\",\n      \"method\": \"In vitro kinase assay with recombinant proteins\",\n      \"journal\": \"FEBS letters\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1 / Moderate — in vitro biochemical assay; negative result for MAP1 is explicitly stated; single lab, single method\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"17064692\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"finding\": \"Single and double null mutants of MAP1 (PfMAP-1) and PfMAP-2 show no defect in asexual proliferation, sexual commitment, or gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum, confirming MAP1 is dispensable for these stages.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic knockout (single and double null mutants), phenotypic analysis of asexual and sexual blood stages\",\n      \"journal\": \"Scientific reports\",\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Strong — clean double-null mutant genetics with multi-stage phenotyping, independently replicating the [17651389] finding\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32681115\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2000,\n      \"finding\": \"The MAP1 orthologue pymap-1 mRNA in P. yoelii is expressed during both exoerythrocytic (liver) stages and erythrocytic stages, detectable as early as 12 hours post sporozoite infection in the liver and peaking at 43 hours.\",\n      \"method\": \"RT-PCR and Northern blot of RNA from liver-stage and blood-stage infected mice\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular and biochemical parasitology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — transcript-level detection only (RT-PCR and Northern blot), single study, no functional consequence demonstrated\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"11087914\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium yoelii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"MAP1 (PF3D7_0811600) is a P. falciparum MAPK homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a distinctive charged C-terminal repeat extension; it is dispensable for asexual blood-stage schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony, but its absence leads to elevated PfMAP-2 protein levels suggesting a compensatory interaction; it is not a substrate of the NIMA-kinase Pfnek3, which selectively activates PfMAP-2.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"MAP1 (PF3D7_0811600) is a Plasmodium falciparum mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue defined by a conserved MAPK catalytic domain and a distinctive highly charged C-terminal extension carrying two sets of repeated amino acid motifs [#0]. Genetic ablation studies establish that MAP1 is dispensable for asexual blood-stage schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony, both as a single knockout and in combination with PfMAP-2 [#1, #3]. The elevation of PfMAP-2 protein levels in MAP1-null parasites points to a functional relationship between the two kinases in which loss of MAP1 is buffered by compensatory adaptation [#1]. Upstream regulation distinguishes MAP1 from PfMAP-2: the NIMA-family kinase Pfnek3 phosphorylates and activates PfMAP-2 but neither phosphorylates nor stimulates MAP1, indicating MAP1 is not a Pfnek3 substrate [#2]. Beyond these findings, the direct catalytic substrates, activating kinase, and precise cellular role of MAP1 have not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 1996,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing whether P. falciparum encodes a MAP kinase and what distinguishes it structurally was the first question; identifying MAP1 as a MAPK homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a unique charged C-terminal repeat extension defined the protein as a candidate signalling kinase.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Degenerate-oligonucleotide PCR, sequence comparison, Northern blot, and chromosome mapping\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"8921836\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No catalytic activity or substrate demonstrated\",\n        \"Function of the C-terminal charged repeat extension unknown\",\n        \"Protein-level expression and localization not established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2000,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether the MAP1 orthologue is expressed outside blood stages was addressed by showing pymap-1 transcript in both liver and erythrocytic stages of P. yoelii, extending the potential activity window across the life cycle.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"RT-PCR and Northern blot of liver- and blood-stage RNA from infected mice (P. yoelii ortholog)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"11087914\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Transcript-level detection only, no protein or functional consequence shown\",\n        \"Result is from P. yoelii, not P. falciparum\",\n        \"Does not indicate what MAP1 does in liver stages\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium yoelii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2006,\n      \"claim\": \"The question of MAP1's upstream activator was tested against the NIMA-kinase Pfnek3; the finding that Pfnek3 activates PfMAP-2 but not MAP1 established that Pfnek3-mediated activation is specific to PfMAP-2 and that MAP1's activating kinase remains unidentified.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"In vitro kinase assay with recombinant proteins\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"17064692\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"The true upstream activating kinase of MAP1 is not identified\",\n        \"In vitro negative result; a cellular activator interaction is not excluded\",\n        \"No downstream substrate of MAP1 tested\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2007,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether MAP1 is essential was answered by knockout, showing dispensability across asexual and sexual stages and sporogony while PfMAP-2 protein levels rose, establishing MAP1 as non-essential under standard conditions but functionally intertwined with PfMAP-2.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Reverse-genetics knockout with multi-stage phenotyping and Western blot for PfMAP-2 levels\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"17651389\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Molecular basis of PfMAP-2 elevation (compensation) not defined\",\n        \"The specific process MAP1 normally performs remains unknown\",\n        \"No conditional or stress-condition phenotype examined\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether combined loss of MAP1 and PfMAP-2 unmasks a phenotype was tested with single and double null mutants, confirming dispensability for asexual proliferation, sexual commitment, and gametocytogenesis and reinforcing that neither kinase is required for these stages.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Single and double null mutant genetics with phenotypic analysis of asexual and sexual blood stages\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32681115\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"High\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No positive functional role for MAP1 identified even in the double-null context\",\n        \"Substrates and signalling output still undefined\",\n        \"Whether a phenotype exists in transmission or liver stages not fully resolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The catalytic substrates, physiological activating kinase, and the specific cellular process performed by MAP1 remain unidentified, as does the mechanistic basis of its functional relationship with PfMAP-2.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No direct MAP1 substrate identified\",\n        \"Upstream activating kinase unknown\",\n        \"Mechanism of PfMAP-2 compensation upon MAP1 loss uncharacterized\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0004707\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0004672\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0000165\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 2]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"PfMAP-2 (functional/compensatory relationship; elevated in MAP1-null parasites) [#1, #3]\",\n      \"Pfnek3 (does NOT phosphorylate or activate MAP1; activates PfMAP-2 instead) [#2]\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"MAP1 is a MAP kinase homologue with a conserved catalytic domain and a distinctive highly charged C-terminal extension bearing two sets of repeated amino acid motifs; mRNA ~3.7 kb; gene on chromosome 14 [#0].\",\n      \"Dispensable for asexual schizogony, gametocytogenesis, gametogenesis, and sporogony as single and double (with PfMAP-2) null mutants [#1, #3].\",\n      \"In P. yoelii the ortholog pymap-1 is transcribed in both liver (exoerythrocytic) and erythrocytic stages [#4].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0811600","name":null,"product":"protein MAP1, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1425900","name":null,"product":"conserved protein, unknown function","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1429100","name":null,"product":"conserved protein, unknown function","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"MAP1","evaluation":null}