{"gene":"PF3D7_0611400","run_date":"2026-09-08T19:44:17","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2016,"finding":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) localizes to the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions in P. falciparum trophozoites, but approximately 10% of heat-stressed trophozoite-stage parasites show a rapid but short-lived nuclear localization pattern, indicating a stage- and stress-specific relocalization.","method":"Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged transgenic parasites under normal and heat-stress conditions","journal":"Malaria journal","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — direct live-imaging localization experiment with functional context (heat stress/PCD), single lab, single method","pmids":["26791088"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2016,"finding":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) binds a putative Aurora-related kinase and a member of the inner membrane complex, as identified by P. falciparum phage display library technology using the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait.","method":"Phage display library screening with SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait","journal":"Malaria journal","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (phage display), no reciprocal validation reported","pmids":["26791088"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"finding":"Conditional knockdown of SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) impairs P. falciparum growth and development, with a significant decline in parasitemia at 96 h in vitro compared to controls, establishing that SWIB is required for parasite survival.","method":"Conditional knockdown using FKBP-LID degron system followed by growth curve analysis and parasitemia measurement","journal":"Parasites & vectors","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — conditional protein degradation with clear growth phenotype, complemented by qPCR and RNA-seq, single lab","pmids":["32019597"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2020,"finding":"Conditional knockdown of SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) alters var gene expression: it silences upsA, upsC, and partial upsB var genes at the ring stage, removes silencing of partial upsB var genes at the ring stage, and leads to aberrant expression of upsA and partial upsB/upsC var genes at the mature stage, demonstrating that SWIB is required for normal mutually exclusive var gene regulation.","method":"Conditional knockdown (FKBP-LID), qPCR, and RNA-seq analysis of var gene expression profiles","journal":"Parasites & vectors","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — two orthogonal transcriptomic methods (qPCR + RNA-seq) in a conditional KD system, single lab","pmids":["32019597"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2019,"finding":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) co-purifies as part of the BDP4 core epigenetic complex (together with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMDB3, and several other proteins) in P. falciparum, as revealed by affinity purification proteomics of endogenously tagged components.","method":"Affinity purification followed by quantitative mass spectrometry of endogenously epitope-tagged proteins","journal":"Nucleic acids research","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — quantitative interaction proteomics with endogenous tagging, single lab, membership in complex established but role of SWIB within complex not further characterized","pmids":["31728527"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"finding":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is enriched in DNA pull-downs using oligos containing a regulatory motif (de novo motif 028) together with AP2-I and other chromatin-related factors (BDP1, BDP2, BDP3, HMGB3), suggesting SWIB is recruited to target gene promoters through association with the AP2-I transcription factor.","method":"Quantitative DNA affinity pull-down with regulatory motif-containing oligos followed by mass spectrometry","journal":"Cell host & microbe","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single pulldown approach, no reciprocal or functional validation of SWIB specifically, interaction is correlative","pmids":["29649445"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2024,"finding":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) co-purifies with PfMORC in immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry experiments using mature-stage parasites, placing SWIB in a PfMORC-associated chromatin regulatory network.","method":"Immunoprecipitation with endogenously HA-tagged PfMORC followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS)","journal":"eLife","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single IP-MS experiment from a study primarily focused on PfMORC; role of SWIB within the complex not characterized","pmids":["39636094"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is a P. falciparum chromatin-associated protein that normally resides in the cytoplasm but transiently relocates to the nucleus under heat stress; it is essential for parasite growth, participates in mutually exclusive var gene regulation (its knockdown disrupts normal upsA/B/C expression patterns), and co-purifies as a component of the BDP4 epigenetic complex and a PfMORC-associated chromatin network, with phage-display experiments additionally identifying a putative Aurora-related kinase and an inner membrane complex protein as binding partners."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is an essential Plasmodium falciparum chromatin-associated protein required for asexual blood-stage growth and for the normal mutually exclusive regulation of var virulence genes [PMID:32019597]. Conditional knockdown impairs parasite development and produces a significant drop in parasitemia [PMID:32019597], and disrupts the stage-specific silencing and activation patterns of upsA, upsB, and upsC var gene subsets, establishing SWIB as a functional component of var gene regulation [PMID:32019597]. Consistent with a chromatin regulatory role, SWIB co-purifies as a member of the BDP4 core epigenetic complex (with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMGB3 and others) [PMID:31728527] and associates with a PfMORC chromatin network [PMID:39636094]. Under normal growth SWIB is cytoplasmic in trophozoites, but a fraction of heat-stressed parasites show transient nuclear relocalization, indicating a stress- and stage-dependent trafficking behavior [PMID:26791088]. Beyond its complex membership, growth requirement, and var-regulatory function, the precise molecular activity of SWIB within these chromatin complexes has not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2016,"claim":"The question of where and when SWIB acts was first addressed by showing it is not constitutively nuclear but relocalizes conditionally, implying a regulated, stress-responsive function rather than a fixed structural role.","evidence":"Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged parasites under normal vs. heat-stress conditions","pmids":["26791088"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Nuclear relocalization seen in only ~10% of heat-stressed parasites; trigger and functional consequence of relocalization not defined","No link established between relocalization and the chromatin-regulatory role later shown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2016,"claim":"To find candidate interaction partners, a phage-display screen using the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait identified a putative Aurora-related kinase and an inner membrane complex protein, providing first candidate binding partners.","evidence":"Phage display library screening with the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait","pmids":["26791088"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single-method screen with no reciprocal or in vivo validation","Biological relevance of the kinase and IMC-protein interactions to SWIB function not tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"claim":"Whether SWIB is recruited to specific genomic sites was probed by DNA affinity pull-downs, which enriched SWIB alongside AP2-I and bromodomain factors at a regulatory motif, suggesting promoter targeting via association with a transcription factor.","evidence":"Quantitative DNA affinity pull-down with regulatory motif oligos followed by mass spectrometry","pmids":["29649445"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Enrichment is correlative; direct DNA binding by SWIB not demonstrated","No functional validation that SWIB recruitment depends on AP2-I"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2019,"claim":"The physical context of SWIB was defined by affinity proteomics placing it within the BDP4 core epigenetic complex, establishing it as a stable member of a defined chromatin regulatory machine.","evidence":"Affinity purification and quantitative mass spectrometry of endogenously epitope-tagged complex components","pmids":["31728527"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Role of SWIB within the complex not characterized","Whether SWIB is required for complex assembly or activity untested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2020,"claim":"The functional necessity of SWIB was established by conditional knockdown, showing it is required for parasite growth and, critically, for normal mutually exclusive var gene expression — connecting a chromatin-complex member to virulence gene control.","evidence":"FKBP-LID conditional degron knockdown with growth curves, qPCR, and RNA-seq of var expression","pmids":["32019597"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Mechanism by which SWIB loss alters var silencing/activation not resolved","Whether the var phenotype is direct or a downstream consequence of impaired growth not distinguished"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":"3D7"}]},{"year":2024,"claim":"The interaction landscape of SWIB was extended by IP-MS showing co-purification with PfMORC, situating SWIB in an additional chromatin regulatory network in mature-stage parasites.","evidence":"Immunoprecipitation of endogenously HA-tagged PfMORC followed by mass spectrometry","pmids":["39636094"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Single IP-MS from a PfMORC-focused study; SWIB's role in the network uncharacterized","Relationship between PfMORC association and BDP4-complex membership unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The biochemical activity of SWIB within its chromatin complexes and the mechanism linking its stress-induced relocalization to var gene regulation remain unknown.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No defined molecular/enzymatic activity for SWIB","No structural model or direct DNA/nucleosome-binding assay","Causal link between complex membership and the var phenotype not established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["BDP4 core epigenetic complex (with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMGB3 and others)","PfMORC-associated chromatin regulatory network"],"partners":["BDP4","CHD1","AP2-I","HMGB3","PFMORC","PUTATIVE AURORA-RELATED KINASE (PHAGE DISPLAY)","INNER MEMBRANE COMPLEX PROTEIN (PHAGE DISPLAY)"],"other_free_text":["Essential for P. falciparum asexual blood-stage growth (conditional knockdown reduces parasitemia).","Required for normal mutually exclusive var gene expression (upsA/upsB/upsC subsets).","Cytoplasmic under normal growth; transient nuclear relocalization in a fraction of heat-stressed trophozoites.","Enriched in DNA pull-downs at a regulatory motif alongside AP2-I and bromodomain factors."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"26791088","id":"PMC_26791088","title":"Localization and interactions of Plasmodium falciparum SWIB/MDM2 homologues.","date":"2016","source":"Malaria journal","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26791088","citation_count":6,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"32019597","id":"PMC_32019597","title":"PfSWIB, a potential chromatin regulator for var gene regulation and parasite development in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2020","source":"Parasites & vectors","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019597","citation_count":6,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWI","SNF"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"40626563","id":"","title":"The ribosomal RNA transcription landscapes of Plasmodium falciparum and related apicomplexan parasites.","date":"2025","source":"Nucleic acids research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40626563","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"39636094","id":"","title":"PfMORC protein regulates chromatin accessibility and transcriptional repression in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2024","source":"eLife","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39636094","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"34564906","id":"","title":"A toolbox for conditional control of gene expression in apicomplexan parasites.","date":"2021","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34564906","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"32816370","id":"","title":"Exploring the virulence gene interactome with CRISPR/dCas9 in the human malaria parasite.","date":"2020","source":"Molecular systems biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32816370","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"31728527","id":"","title":"Epigenetic reader complexes of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2019","source":"Nucleic acids research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31728527","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"29649445","id":"","title":"Chromatin Accessibility-Based Characterization of the Gene Regulatory Network Underlying Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Development.","date":"2018","source":"Cell host & microbe","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29649445","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["SWIB"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":9915,"output_tokens":1845,"usd":0.02871,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6983,"output_tokens":2749,"usd":0.05182,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.08053,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01SRp5hyRc82zNjddxyCCXGk","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01K3BTmBazRo3pRrMvyaPMTY","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"finding\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) localizes to the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions in P. falciparum trophozoites, but approximately 10% of heat-stressed trophozoite-stage parasites show a rapid but short-lived nuclear localization pattern, indicating a stage- and stress-specific relocalization.\",\n      \"method\": \"Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged transgenic parasites under normal and heat-stress conditions\",\n      \"journal\": \"Malaria journal\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — direct live-imaging localization experiment with functional context (heat stress/PCD), single lab, single method\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26791088\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"finding\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) binds a putative Aurora-related kinase and a member of the inner membrane complex, as identified by P. falciparum phage display library technology using the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait.\",\n      \"method\": \"Phage display library screening with SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait\",\n      \"journal\": \"Malaria journal\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single lab, single method (phage display), no reciprocal validation reported\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26791088\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"finding\": \"Conditional knockdown of SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) impairs P. falciparum growth and development, with a significant decline in parasitemia at 96 h in vitro compared to controls, establishing that SWIB is required for parasite survival.\",\n      \"method\": \"Conditional knockdown using FKBP-LID degron system followed by growth curve analysis and parasitemia measurement\",\n      \"journal\": \"Parasites & vectors\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — conditional protein degradation with clear growth phenotype, complemented by qPCR and RNA-seq, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32019597\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"finding\": \"Conditional knockdown of SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) alters var gene expression: it silences upsA, upsC, and partial upsB var genes at the ring stage, removes silencing of partial upsB var genes at the ring stage, and leads to aberrant expression of upsA and partial upsB/upsC var genes at the mature stage, demonstrating that SWIB is required for normal mutually exclusive var gene regulation.\",\n      \"method\": \"Conditional knockdown (FKBP-LID), qPCR, and RNA-seq analysis of var gene expression profiles\",\n      \"journal\": \"Parasites & vectors\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — two orthogonal transcriptomic methods (qPCR + RNA-seq) in a conditional KD system, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32019597\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"finding\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) co-purifies as part of the BDP4 core epigenetic complex (together with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMDB3, and several other proteins) in P. falciparum, as revealed by affinity purification proteomics of endogenously tagged components.\",\n      \"method\": \"Affinity purification followed by quantitative mass spectrometry of endogenously epitope-tagged proteins\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nucleic acids research\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — quantitative interaction proteomics with endogenous tagging, single lab, membership in complex established but role of SWIB within complex not further characterized\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31728527\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is enriched in DNA pull-downs using oligos containing a regulatory motif (de novo motif 028) together with AP2-I and other chromatin-related factors (BDP1, BDP2, BDP3, HMGB3), suggesting SWIB is recruited to target gene promoters through association with the AP2-I transcription factor.\",\n      \"method\": \"Quantitative DNA affinity pull-down with regulatory motif-containing oligos followed by mass spectrometry\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell host & microbe\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single pulldown approach, no reciprocal or functional validation of SWIB specifically, interaction is correlative\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"29649445\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"finding\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) co-purifies with PfMORC in immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry experiments using mature-stage parasites, placing SWIB in a PfMORC-associated chromatin regulatory network.\",\n      \"method\": \"Immunoprecipitation with endogenously HA-tagged PfMORC followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS)\",\n      \"journal\": \"eLife\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single IP-MS experiment from a study primarily focused on PfMORC; role of SWIB within the complex not characterized\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"39636094\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is a P. falciparum chromatin-associated protein that normally resides in the cytoplasm but transiently relocates to the nucleus under heat stress; it is essential for parasite growth, participates in mutually exclusive var gene regulation (its knockdown disrupts normal upsA/B/C expression patterns), and co-purifies as a component of the BDP4 epigenetic complex and a PfMORC-associated chromatin network, with phage-display experiments additionally identifying a putative Aurora-related kinase and an inner membrane complex protein as binding partners.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"SWIB (PF3D7_0611400) is an essential Plasmodium falciparum chromatin-associated protein required for asexual blood-stage growth and for the normal mutually exclusive regulation of var virulence genes [#2, #3]. Conditional knockdown impairs parasite development and produces a significant drop in parasitemia [#2], and disrupts the stage-specific silencing and activation patterns of upsA, upsB, and upsC var gene subsets, establishing SWIB as a functional component of var gene regulation [#3]. Consistent with a chromatin regulatory role, SWIB co-purifies as a member of the BDP4 core epigenetic complex (with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMGB3 and others) [#4] and associates with a PfMORC chromatin network [#6]. Under normal growth SWIB is cytoplasmic in trophozoites, but a fraction of heat-stressed parasites show transient nuclear relocalization, indicating a stress- and stage-dependent trafficking behavior [#0]. Beyond its complex membership, growth requirement, and var-regulatory function, the precise molecular activity of SWIB within these chromatin complexes has not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"claim\": \"The question of where and when SWIB acts was first addressed by showing it is not constitutively nuclear but relocalizes conditionally, implying a regulated, stress-responsive function rather than a fixed structural role.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged parasites under normal vs. heat-stress conditions\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26791088\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Nuclear relocalization seen in only ~10% of heat-stressed parasites; trigger and functional consequence of relocalization not defined\", \"No link established between relocalization and the chromatin-regulatory role later shown\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"claim\": \"To find candidate interaction partners, a phage-display screen using the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait identified a putative Aurora-related kinase and an inner membrane complex protein, providing first candidate binding partners.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Phage display library screening with the SWIB/MDM2 domain as bait\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"26791088\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Single-method screen with no reciprocal or in vivo validation\", \"Biological relevance of the kinase and IMC-protein interactions to SWIB function not tested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether SWIB is recruited to specific genomic sites was probed by DNA affinity pull-downs, which enriched SWIB alongside AP2-I and bromodomain factors at a regulatory motif, suggesting promoter targeting via association with a transcription factor.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Quantitative DNA affinity pull-down with regulatory motif oligos followed by mass spectrometry\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"29649445\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Enrichment is correlative; direct DNA binding by SWIB not demonstrated\", \"No functional validation that SWIB recruitment depends on AP2-I\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"claim\": \"The physical context of SWIB was defined by affinity proteomics placing it within the BDP4 core epigenetic complex, establishing it as a stable member of a defined chromatin regulatory machine.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Affinity purification and quantitative mass spectrometry of endogenously epitope-tagged complex components\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31728527\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Role of SWIB within the complex not characterized\", \"Whether SWIB is required for complex assembly or activity untested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2020,\n      \"claim\": \"The functional necessity of SWIB was established by conditional knockdown, showing it is required for parasite growth and, critically, for normal mutually exclusive var gene expression — connecting a chromatin-complex member to virulence gene control.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"FKBP-LID conditional degron knockdown with growth curves, qPCR, and RNA-seq of var expression\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"32019597\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Mechanism by which SWIB loss alters var silencing/activation not resolved\", \"Whether the var phenotype is direct or a downstream consequence of impaired growth not distinguished\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"3D7\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2024,\n      \"claim\": \"The interaction landscape of SWIB was extended by IP-MS showing co-purification with PfMORC, situating SWIB in an additional chromatin regulatory network in mature-stage parasites.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Immunoprecipitation of endogenously HA-tagged PfMORC followed by mass spectrometry\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"39636094\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Single IP-MS from a PfMORC-focused study; SWIB's role in the network uncharacterized\", \"Relationship between PfMORC association and BDP4-complex membership unknown\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The biochemical activity of SWIB within its chromatin complexes and the mechanism linking its stress-induced relocalization to var gene regulation remain unknown.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No defined molecular/enzymatic activity for SWIB\", \"No structural model or direct DNA/nucleosome-binding assay\", \"Causal link between complex membership and the var phenotype not established\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0006338\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3, 4, 6]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0045892\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"BDP4 core epigenetic complex (with BDP4, CHD1, AP2-I, HMGB3 and others)\",\n      \"PfMORC-associated chromatin regulatory network\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"BDP4\",\n      \"CHD1\",\n      \"AP2-I\",\n      \"HMGB3\",\n      \"PfMORC\",\n      \"putative Aurora-related kinase (phage display)\",\n      \"inner membrane complex protein (phage display)\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Essential for P. falciparum asexual blood-stage growth (conditional knockdown reduces parasitemia).\",\n      \"Required for normal mutually exclusive var gene expression (upsA/upsB/upsC subsets).\",\n      \"Cytoplasmic under normal growth; transient nuclear relocalization in a fraction of heat-stressed trophozoites.\",\n      \"Enriched in DNA pull-downs at a regulatory motif alongside AP2-I and bromodomain factors.\"\n    ]\n  }\n}\n```","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0611400","name":null,"product":"SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_0109700","name":null,"product":"SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1139000","name":null,"product":"SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"SWIB","evaluation":null}