{"gene":"PF3D7_0519600","run_date":"2026-09-07T10:55:52","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2022,"finding":"ZNF4 (PF3D7_0519600), a CCCH zinc finger protein, is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm. Targeted gene disruption showed no significant effect on asexual blood-stage replication or gametocyte development, but male gametocyte exflagellation was significantly impaired, leading to reduced malaria transmission in mosquitoes.","method":"Targeted gene disruption (knockout), immunofluorescence localization, mosquito transmission assay","journal":"Cells","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype (exflagellation defect, reduced transmission), direct localization, single lab with two orthogonal methods","pmids":["35626703"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"finding":"Comparative transcriptomics of ZNF4-knockout versus wildtype gametocytes revealed deregulation of ~473 genes; downregulated genes in ZNF4-KO were enriched for male-enriched transcripts associated with axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, indicating ZNF4 regulates male gametocyte-enriched gene expression post-transcriptionally.","method":"Comparative transcriptomics (RNA-seq) between wildtype and ZNF4-KO gametocytes","journal":"Cells","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — transcriptomic analysis with functional phenotype correlation, single lab, two complementary methods (KO + RNA-seq)","pmids":["35626703"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"ZNF4 was identified as a protein interactor of MD3 (a CCCH zinc finger protein involved in male gametocytogenesis) via BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation, placing ZNF4 within a regulator complex involved in post-transcriptional fine-tuning of male gametocytogenesis.","method":"BioID proximity labeling, co-immunoprecipitation","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP and BioID, single lab, two orthogonal methods confirming interaction","pmids":["38148574"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"A global barcoded mutant screen in P. berghei identified genes essential for formation of either male or female sexual forms; single-cell transcriptomics of mutant parasites revealed that the protein interactors of a female-determining zinc-finger protein indicate participation in germ-granule-like ribonucleoprotein complexes complementing transcriptional regulation of female development.","method":"Global barcoded mutant screen, high-resolution single-cell transcriptomics","journal":"Cell host & microbe","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — the identity of the 'female-determining zinc-finger protein' as PF3D7_0519600 is inferred from context and not explicitly stated; single screen-based identification without direct mechanistic validation of this specific protein","pmids":["36634679"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"ZNF4 (PF3D7_0519600) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein that localizes to the cytoplasm of mature P. falciparum gametocytes, where it regulates male gametocyte-enriched transcripts (including those encoding axonemal dynein complex components) to support male gametocyte exflagellation and mosquito transmission; it physically interacts with the RNA-binding protein complex containing MD3, PABP1, and other translational regulators, placing it within a post-transcriptional regulatory network governing male gametocytogenesis."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PF3D7_0519600 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein of Plasmodium falciparum that acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of male gametocyte maturation and mosquito transmission [PMID:35626703]. It is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm; its targeted disruption leaves asexual replication and overall gametocyte development intact but specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation, reducing transmission to mosquitoes [PMID:35626703]. Consistent with this phenotype, loss of ZNF4 deregulates hundreds of transcripts, with downregulated genes enriched for male-specific messages encoding axonemal dynein complex components and cell projection organization, indicating that ZNF4 supports the expression program required to assemble the male flagellar apparatus [PMID:35626703]. ZNF4 physically associates with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, a regulator of male gametocytogenesis, placing it within a protein complex that fine-tunes male sexual development post-transcriptionally [PMID:38148574]. Beyond its role in this male-development regulatory network and its interaction with MD3, no further biochemical mechanism, RNA-binding specificity, or structural detail for PF3D7_0519600 has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2022,"claim":"Establishing whether this CCCH zinc finger protein has a discrete biological role, gene disruption localized ZNF4 to the gametocyte cytoplasm and pinpointed male gametocyte exflagellation as its transmission-relevant function.","evidence":"Targeted gene knockout with immunofluorescence localization and mosquito transmission assay in P. falciparum","pmids":["35626703"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Mechanism linking cytoplasmic ZNF4 to the exflagellation defect not resolved","No direct RNA target or RNA-binding activity demonstrated","No structural characterization of the CCCH domains"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2022,"claim":"To define the molecular consequence of ZNF4 loss, comparative transcriptomics showed that its absence downregulates male-enriched transcripts encoding axonemal dynein components, framing ZNF4 as a post-transcriptional regulator of the male developmental program.","evidence":"RNA-seq comparison of wildtype versus ZNF4-knockout gametocytes in P. falciparum","pmids":["35626703"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Transcript changes are correlative; direct binding to affected mRNAs not shown","Whether ZNF4 stabilizes, degrades, or translationally controls targets is unresolved","Does not distinguish direct versus indirect deregulation"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"claim":"To place ZNF4 in a physical regulatory network, proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation identified it as an interactor of the male-gametocytogenesis regulator MD3, embedding ZNF4 in a post-transcriptional regulator complex.","evidence":"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum","pmids":["38148574"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Stoichiometry and architecture of the ZNF4–MD3 complex undefined","Whether the interaction is direct or bridged by RNA/other proteins unclear","Functional consequence of the interaction for specific transcripts not tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"claim":"A genome-scale sexual-development screen probed how zinc-finger proteins partition male versus female fate, but the assignment of the female-determining zinc-finger protein to PF3D7_0519600 is inferred rather than demonstrated.","evidence":"Global barcoded mutant screen with single-cell transcriptomics in P. berghei","pmids":["36634679"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["Identity of the female-determining zinc-finger protein as PF3D7_0519600 is inferred from context, not explicitly established","No direct mechanistic validation of this specific protein in the screen","Cross-species relevance to P. falciparum ZNF4 not confirmed"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"It remains unknown whether ZNF4 directly binds its target mRNAs and by what molecular mechanism it controls their fate.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["No direct RNA target identification (e.g., CLIP) for ZNF4","No reconstitution or biochemical assay of its regulatory activity","No structural model of the CCCH zinc finger–RNA interaction"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["ZNF4–MD3 male-gametocytogenesis regulator complex [#2]"],"partners":["MD3 (CCCH ZINC FINGER PROTEIN) [#2]"],"other_free_text":["Knockout does not affect asexual blood-stage replication or overall gametocyte development but specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and reduces mosquito transmission [#0]","Loss of ZNF4 deregulates ~473 genes, with downregulated transcripts enriched for male-enriched axonemal dynein complex and cell projection organization genes [#1]","Assignment of a female-determining zinc-finger protein to PF3D7_0519600 in a P. berghei screen is inferred and not explicitly established [#3]"]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"36634679","id":"PMC_36634679","title":"Regulators of male and female sexual development are critical for the transmission of a malaria parasite.","date":"2023","source":"Cell host & microbe","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36634679","citation_count":53,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"34418264","id":"PMC_34418264","title":"Zinc finger proteins of Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2021","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34418264","citation_count":33,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"35626703","id":"PMC_35626703","title":"The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH Zinc Finger Protein ZNF4 Plays an Important Role in Gametocyte Exflagellation through the Regulation of Male Enriched Transcripts.","date":"2022","source":"Cells","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626703","citation_count":20,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"27385072","id":"PMC_27385072","title":"An evolutionary conserved zinc finger protein is involved in Toxoplasma gondii mRNA nuclear export.","date":"2016","source":"Cellular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27385072","citation_count":14,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":true,"competing_organism_match":"Toxoplasma","competing_organism_only":true},{"pmid":"27253881","id":"PMC_27253881","title":"Plasmodium falciparum Hep1 Is Required to Prevent the Self Aggregation of PfHsp70-3.","date":"2016","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27253881","citation_count":9,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"38148574","id":"PMC_38148574","title":"The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 regulates male gametocytogenesis through its interaction with RNA-binding proteins.","date":"2023","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38148574","citation_count":8,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"28851851","id":"PMC_28851851","title":"Multifunctional Involvement of a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein (PbZfp) in Malaria Transmission, Histone Modification, and Susceptibility to DNA Damage Response.","date":"2017","source":"mBio","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28851851","citation_count":5,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"42244567","id":"PMC_42244567","title":"The CCCH-type zinc-finger Pf MD3 promotes translation for malaria parasite transmission.","date":"2026","source":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42244567","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pf"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["zinc finger protein"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":6723,"output_tokens":1833,"usd":0.023832,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5970,"output_tokens":2470,"usd":0.0458,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.069632,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DbiymDmubkPpYvdbAu5a7V","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_012TbrWvMRH129T7PQ4SmvrJ","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"I need to carefully analyze which papers are about PF3D7_0519600 specifically.\n\nThe gene is described as \"zinc finger protein, putative\" in P. falciparum. Let me assess each paper:\n\n1. Paper 36634679 - Mentions a \"female-determining zinc-finger protein\" and its protein interactors in P. berghei/P. falciparum screen. The zinc finger protein here could be relevant but is not specifically identified as PF3D7_0519600.\n\n2. Paper 34418264 - Review of P. falciparum zinc finger proteins generally. Mentions PF3D7_0519600 might be covered but it's a review of 170 ZFPs.\n\n3. Paper 35626703 - About ZNF4 (a specific CCCH zinc finger). Not identified as PF3D7_0519600.\n\n4. Paper 27385072 - About TgZNF2 in Toxoplasma, with P. falciparum homolog rescue. The P. falciparum homolog rescued the T. gondii phenotype. The paper's gene ID for the P. falciparum homolog is not specified as PF3D7_0519600.\n\n5. Paper 27253881 - About PfHep1 (Hsp70-escort protein 1), a zinc finger protein. Not identified as PF3D7_0519600.\n\n6. Paper 38148574 - About MD3 (PF3D7_0519600 is mentioned as ZNF4 interactor). MD3 interacts with ZNF4 - but MD3 is a different gene.\n\n7. Paper 28851851 - About PbZfp, a C2H2 zinc finger in P. berghei. Not clearly PF3D7_0519600.\n\n8. Paper 42244567 (preprint) - About PfMD3. MD3 interacts with ZNF4.\n\nThe key question: which gene is PF3D7_0519600? Based on the corpus, papers 35626703 and 38148574 both mention ZNF4 as a CCCH zinc finger protein in P. falciparum gametocytes. Paper 38148574 identifies ZNF4 as an interactor of MD3. Paper 35626703 characterizes ZNF4 directly. Paper 36634679 mentions a \"female-determining zinc-finger protein.\"\n\nGiven that PF3D7_0519600 is a \"zinc finger protein, putative\" and ZNF4 appears repeatedly as a characterized CCCH zinc finger, ZNF4 (paper 35626703) is likely PF3D7_0519600. The MD3 paper (38148574) also mentions ZNF4 as an interactor.\n\n```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"ZNF4 (PF3D7_0519600), a CCCH zinc finger protein, is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm. Targeted gene disruption showed no significant effect on asexual blood-stage replication or gametocyte development, but male gametocyte exflagellation was significantly impaired, leading to reduced malaria transmission in mosquitoes.\",\n      \"method\": \"Targeted gene disruption (knockout), immunofluorescence localization, mosquito transmission assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cells\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean KO with defined cellular phenotype (exflagellation defect, reduced transmission), direct localization, single lab with two orthogonal methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"finding\": \"Comparative transcriptomics of ZNF4-knockout versus wildtype gametocytes revealed deregulation of ~473 genes; downregulated genes in ZNF4-KO were enriched for male-enriched transcripts associated with axonemal dynein complex formation and cell projection organization, indicating ZNF4 regulates male gametocyte-enriched gene expression post-transcriptionally.\",\n      \"method\": \"Comparative transcriptomics (RNA-seq) between wildtype and ZNF4-KO gametocytes\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cells\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — transcriptomic analysis with functional phenotype correlation, single lab, two complementary methods (KO + RNA-seq)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"ZNF4 was identified as a protein interactor of MD3 (a CCCH zinc finger protein involved in male gametocytogenesis) via BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation, placing ZNF4 within a regulator complex involved in post-transcriptional fine-tuning of male gametocytogenesis.\",\n      \"method\": \"BioID proximity labeling, co-immunoprecipitation\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP and BioID, single lab, two orthogonal methods confirming interaction\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"A global barcoded mutant screen in P. berghei identified genes essential for formation of either male or female sexual forms; single-cell transcriptomics of mutant parasites revealed that the protein interactors of a female-determining zinc-finger protein indicate participation in germ-granule-like ribonucleoprotein complexes complementing transcriptional regulation of female development.\",\n      \"method\": \"Global barcoded mutant screen, high-resolution single-cell transcriptomics\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cell host & microbe\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — the identity of the 'female-determining zinc-finger protein' as PF3D7_0519600 is inferred from context and not explicitly stated; single screen-based identification without direct mechanistic validation of this specific protein\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36634679\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"ZNF4 (PF3D7_0519600) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein that localizes to the cytoplasm of mature P. falciparum gametocytes, where it regulates male gametocyte-enriched transcripts (including those encoding axonemal dynein complex components) to support male gametocyte exflagellation and mosquito transmission; it physically interacts with the RNA-binding protein complex containing MD3, PABP1, and other translational regulators, placing it within a post-transcriptional regulatory network governing male gametocytogenesis.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PF3D7_0519600 (ZNF4) is a CCCH-type zinc finger protein of Plasmodium falciparum that acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of male gametocyte maturation and mosquito transmission [#0, #1]. It is highly expressed in mature gametocytes and localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm; its targeted disruption leaves asexual replication and overall gametocyte development intact but specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation, reducing transmission to mosquitoes [#0]. Consistent with this phenotype, loss of ZNF4 deregulates hundreds of transcripts, with downregulated genes enriched for male-specific messages encoding axonemal dynein complex components and cell projection organization, indicating that ZNF4 supports the expression program required to assemble the male flagellar apparatus [#1]. ZNF4 physically associates with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, a regulator of male gametocytogenesis, placing it within a protein complex that fine-tunes male sexual development post-transcriptionally [#2]. Beyond its role in this male-development regulatory network and its interaction with MD3, no further biochemical mechanism, RNA-binding specificity, or structural detail for PF3D7_0519600 has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing whether this CCCH zinc finger protein has a discrete biological role, gene disruption localized ZNF4 to the gametocyte cytoplasm and pinpointed male gametocyte exflagellation as its transmission-relevant function.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Targeted gene knockout with immunofluorescence localization and mosquito transmission assay in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Mechanism linking cytoplasmic ZNF4 to the exflagellation defect not resolved\",\n        \"No direct RNA target or RNA-binding activity demonstrated\",\n        \"No structural characterization of the CCCH domains\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2022,\n      \"claim\": \"To define the molecular consequence of ZNF4 loss, comparative transcriptomics showed that its absence downregulates male-enriched transcripts encoding axonemal dynein components, framing ZNF4 as a post-transcriptional regulator of the male developmental program.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"RNA-seq comparison of wildtype versus ZNF4-knockout gametocytes in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"35626703\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Transcript changes are correlative; direct binding to affected mRNAs not shown\",\n        \"Whether ZNF4 stabilizes, degrades, or translationally controls targets is unresolved\",\n        \"Does not distinguish direct versus indirect deregulation\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"claim\": \"To place ZNF4 in a physical regulatory network, proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation identified it as an interactor of the male-gametocytogenesis regulator MD3, embedding ZNF4 in a post-transcriptional regulator complex.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Stoichiometry and architecture of the ZNF4–MD3 complex undefined\",\n        \"Whether the interaction is direct or bridged by RNA/other proteins unclear\",\n        \"Functional consequence of the interaction for specific transcripts not tested\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"claim\": \"A genome-scale sexual-development screen probed how zinc-finger proteins partition male versus female fate, but the assignment of the female-determining zinc-finger protein to PF3D7_0519600 is inferred rather than demonstrated.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Global barcoded mutant screen with single-cell transcriptomics in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"36634679\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Identity of the female-determining zinc-finger protein as PF3D7_0519600 is inferred from context, not explicitly established\",\n        \"No direct mechanistic validation of this specific protein in the screen\",\n        \"Cross-species relevance to P. falciparum ZNF4 not confirmed\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"It remains unknown whether ZNF4 directly binds its target mRNAs and by what molecular mechanism it controls their fate.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No direct RNA target identification (e.g., CLIP) for ZNF4\",\n        \"No reconstitution or biochemical assay of its regulatory activity\",\n        \"No structural model of the CCCH zinc finger–RNA interaction\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0003676\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0008270\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0048134\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 1]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0010468\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"ZNF4–MD3 male-gametocytogenesis regulator complex [#2]\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"MD3 (CCCH zinc finger protein) [#2]\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Knockout does not affect asexual blood-stage replication or overall gametocyte development but specifically impairs male gametocyte exflagellation and reduces mosquito transmission [#0]\",\n      \"Loss of ZNF4 deregulates ~473 genes, with downregulated transcripts enriched for male-enriched axonemal dynein complex and cell projection organization genes [#1]\",\n      \"Assignment of a female-determining zinc-finger protein to PF3D7_0519600 in a P. berghei screen is inferred and not explicitly established [#3]\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":{"gene":"PF3D7_0519600","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 3 of 3 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_1134600, PF3D7_1222600, PF3D7_0315600). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"Pf3D7","gene_id":"PF3D7_0519600","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1234400","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null},{"strain":"PkH","gene_id":"PKNH_1013500","name":null,"product":"zinc finger protein, putative","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"","evaluation":null}