{"gene":"PBANKA_1233500","run_date":"2026-09-07T10:55:50","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2011,"finding":"In P. berghei, genetic knockout of Puf2 (a different PUF family member) caused premature sporozoite transformation, while Puf1 (PBANKA_1233500) knockout showed no detectable phenotype throughout the entire Plasmodium life cycle, demonstrating that PUF1 is dispensable in vivo.","method":"Genetic knockout / loss-of-function with phenotypic readout across life cycle stages","journal":"PloS one","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic knockout with defined phenotypic readout in P. berghei, single lab but clear negative result for PUF1 specifically","pmids":["21673790"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2016,"finding":"PfPuf1 (the P. falciparum ortholog of PUF1) is expressed in all gametocyte stages and at higher levels in female gametocytes; disruption of PfPuf1 does not affect asexual erythrocyte cycle but causes ~10-fold decrease in mature gametocytes, with dead/dying late-stage gametocytes accumulating and disproportionate loss of female gametocytes leading to a reversed male-to-female sex ratio.","method":"Gene disruption (loss-of-function), Western blot / immunofluorescence for expression staging, gametocytemia quantification","journal":"Journal of cell science","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic disruption with defined cellular phenotype, expression staging, single lab","pmids":["27383769"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2002,"finding":"The Puf domain of PfPuf1 (P. falciparum ortholog of PUF1) binds specifically to the Nanos-responsive elements (NRE) in Drosophila hunchback mRNA, demonstrating intrinsic RNA-binding activity conserved with other Puf family members; both yeast three-hybrid and in vitro binding assays confirmed this activity.","method":"Yeast three-hybrid system and in vitro binding assay with recombinant Puf domain expressed in bacteria","journal":"Nucleic acids research","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 1 / Moderate — in vitro binding assay plus yeast three-hybrid, two orthogonal methods, single lab, uses heterologous NRE target","pmids":["12409450"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"finding":"PUF1 (referred to as PUF1 in the context of P. falciparum gametocytes) was identified as part of an interaction network with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, alongside RNA-binding proteins PABP1 and ALBA3, translation regulators eIF4G, NOT1, and CITH, revealed by BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum gametocytes.","method":"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)","journal":"Molecular microbiology","confidence":"Low","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Weak — single Co-IP/BioID experiment, single lab; identifies complex membership but no functional consequence specifically attributed to PUF1","pmids":["38148574"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) is a Puf-family mRNA-binding protein whose P. falciparum ortholog (PfPuf1) harbors a conserved RNA-binding Puf domain that binds NRE sequences, is preferentially expressed in gametocytes (especially female), is required for the maintenance and differentiation of late-stage gametocytes (particularly female), and participates in a cytoplasmic regulatory complex with other RNA-binding and translational regulators; in P. berghei, genetic knockout of PUF1 produces no detectable phenotype across the parasite life cycle."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) is a Puf-family mRNA-binding protein implicated in post-transcriptional regulation during Plasmodium gametocyte development, though its role differs across species in the available corpus [PMID:21673790, PMID:27383769]. Its P. falciparum ortholog (PfPuf1) possesses an intrinsic, sequence-specific RNA-binding activity: the isolated Puf domain binds the Nanos-responsive elements (NRE) of Drosophila hunchback mRNA in both yeast three-hybrid and in vitro assays, establishing conservation of Puf-family RNA recognition [PMID:12409450]. In P. falciparum, PfPuf1 is expressed across all gametocyte stages and enriched in female gametocytes, and its disruption leaves the asexual erythrocytic cycle intact while causing a ~10-fold reduction in mature gametocytes, accumulation of dying late-stage gametocytes, and disproportionate loss of females that reverses the sex ratio, indicating a role in late-stage gametocyte maintenance and female differentiation [PMID:27383769]. In P. falciparum gametocytes PfPuf1 also participates in a cytoplasmic regulatory network with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, the RNA-binding proteins PABP1 and ALBA3, and translational regulators eIF4G, NOT1, and CITH, consistent with a translational-repression complex [PMID:38148574]. In contrast, in P. berghei, genetic knockout of PUF1 itself produces no detectable phenotype throughout the parasite life cycle, marking the gene as dispensable in that species [PMID:21673790]. Beyond these findings, the direct molecular targets and mechanism of PUF1 in P. berghei have not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2002,"claim":"Establishing whether the PUF1 Puf domain is a bona fide sequence-specific RNA binder answered whether the protein could act as a post-transcriptional regulator at all.","evidence":"yeast three-hybrid and in vitro binding assays with recombinant PfPuf1 Puf domain against Drosophila hunchback NRE","pmids":["12409450"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["used a heterologous Drosophila NRE target, not an endogenous Plasmodium mRNA","no native mRNA target of PUF1 identified in either species","binding shown for P. falciparum ortholog, not for P. berghei PBANKA_1233500"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2011,"claim":"A targeted knockout tested whether PUF1 has a non-redundant function in vivo, distinguishing it from its paralog Puf2.","evidence":"genetic knockout with phenotypic readout across all life-cycle stages in P. berghei","pmids":["21673790"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["negative result does not exclude redundancy with other Puf-family members","no molecular characterization of PUF1 targets in P. berghei","phenotypic assays may lack sensitivity to detect subtle defects"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium berghei","strain":""}]},{"year":2016,"claim":"Disruption of the P. falciparum ortholog defined a stage-specific role, revealing a gametocyte-maintenance function not detected in the P. berghei knockout.","evidence":"gene disruption with expression staging (Western/IFA) and gametocytemia quantification in P. falciparum","pmids":["27383769"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["mechanism linking PUF1 loss to female gametocyte death not resolved","mRNA targets responsible for the phenotype not identified","species divergence from the P. berghei null phenotype unexplained"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":2023,"claim":"Proximity labeling placed PUF1 within a defined cytoplasmic RNA-regulatory network, framing its likely mode of action as translational control.","evidence":"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum gametocytes","pmids":["38148574"],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["single Co-IP/BioID experiment with no functional consequence attributed specifically to PUF1","direct versus indirect associations within the network not distinguished","no reciprocal validation of PUF1-specific interactions"],"attribution":[{"species":"Plasmodium falciparum","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The endogenous mRNA targets of PUF1 and the mechanistic basis for its dispensability in P. berghei versus its requirement in P. falciparum gametocytes remain unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Low","gaps":["no native mRNA target of PBANKA_1233500 identified","molecular function of the P. berghei protein uncharacterized","cause of interspecies phenotypic divergence unknown"],"attribution":[]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Cytoplasmic MD3-associated RNA-regulatory network in P. falciparum gametocytes (with MD3, PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, NOT1, CITH) [#3]"],"partners":["MD3 (CCCH ZINC FINGER PROTEIN) [#3]","PABP1 [#3]","ALBA3 [#3]","EIF4G [#3]","NOT1 [#3]","CITH [#3]"],"other_free_text":["PfPuf1 (P. falciparum ortholog) is expressed across all gametocyte stages and enriched in female gametocytes; its disruption reduces mature gametocytes ~10-fold and reverses the male-to-female sex ratio [#1].","In P. berghei, knockout of PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) produces no detectable phenotype across the life cycle, indicating dispensability in that species [#0].","RNA-binding activity was demonstrated for the P. falciparum ortholog's Puf domain against a heterologous Drosophila hunchback NRE; no endogenous Plasmodium target has been defined [#2]."]}},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"21625527","id":"PMC_21625527","title":"Transition of Plasmodium sporozoites into liver stage-like forms is regulated by the RNA binding protein Pumilio.","date":"2011","source":"PLoS pathogens","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21625527","citation_count":70,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["curated_ref"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"12409450","id":"PMC_12409450","title":"The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum encodes members of the Puf RNA-binding protein family with conserved RNA binding activity.","date":"2002","source":"Nucleic acids research","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12409450","citation_count":67,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfPUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"21673790","id":"PMC_21673790","title":"The Puf-family RNA-binding protein Puf2 controls sporozoite conversion to liver stages in the malaria parasite.","date":"2011","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21673790","citation_count":59,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"15585133","id":"PMC_15585133","title":"Characterization of PfPuf2, member of the Puf family RNA-binding proteins from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2004","source":"DNA and cell biology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15585133","citation_count":29,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfPUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"27383769","id":"PMC_27383769","title":"The RNA-binding protein Puf1 functions in the maintenance of gametocytes in Plasmodium falciparum.","date":"2016","source":"Journal of cell science","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27383769","citation_count":28,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PUF1","PfPUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"38148574","id":"PMC_38148574","title":"The Plasmodium falciparum CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 regulates male gametocytogenesis through its interaction with RNA-binding proteins.","date":"2023","source":"Molecular microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38148574","citation_count":8,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false},{"pmid":"41716278","id":"PMC_41716278","title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in Plasmodium gametocytogenesis.","date":"2026","source":"Frontiers in microbiology","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41716278","citation_count":0,"is_preprint":false,"source_species":["Pb"],"role":"primary","match_terms":["PfPUF1"],"competing_organism_flag":false,"competing_organism_match":"","competing_organism_only":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":6133,"output_tokens":1207,"usd":0.018252,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6059,"output_tokens":2544,"usd":0.046948,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.0652,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01DbiymDmubkPpYvdbAu5a7V","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_012TbrWvMRH129T7PQ4SmvrJ","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"finding\": \"In P. berghei, genetic knockout of Puf2 (a different PUF family member) caused premature sporozoite transformation, while Puf1 (PBANKA_1233500) knockout showed no detectable phenotype throughout the entire Plasmodium life cycle, demonstrating that PUF1 is dispensable in vivo.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic knockout / loss-of-function with phenotypic readout across life cycle stages\",\n      \"journal\": \"PloS one\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — clean genetic knockout with defined phenotypic readout in P. berghei, single lab but clear negative result for PUF1 specifically\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21673790\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"finding\": \"PfPuf1 (the P. falciparum ortholog of PUF1) is expressed in all gametocyte stages and at higher levels in female gametocytes; disruption of PfPuf1 does not affect asexual erythrocyte cycle but causes ~10-fold decrease in mature gametocytes, with dead/dying late-stage gametocytes accumulating and disproportionate loss of female gametocytes leading to a reversed male-to-female sex ratio.\",\n      \"method\": \"Gene disruption (loss-of-function), Western blot / immunofluorescence for expression staging, gametocytemia quantification\",\n      \"journal\": \"Journal of cell science\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — genetic disruption with defined cellular phenotype, expression staging, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"27383769\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2002,\n      \"finding\": \"The Puf domain of PfPuf1 (P. falciparum ortholog of PUF1) binds specifically to the Nanos-responsive elements (NRE) in Drosophila hunchback mRNA, demonstrating intrinsic RNA-binding activity conserved with other Puf family members; both yeast three-hybrid and in vitro binding assays confirmed this activity.\",\n      \"method\": \"Yeast three-hybrid system and in vitro binding assay with recombinant Puf domain expressed in bacteria\",\n      \"journal\": \"Nucleic acids research\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 1 / Moderate — in vitro binding assay plus yeast three-hybrid, two orthogonal methods, single lab, uses heterologous NRE target\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"12409450\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"finding\": \"PUF1 (referred to as PUF1 in the context of P. falciparum gametocytes) was identified as part of an interaction network with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, alongside RNA-binding proteins PABP1 and ALBA3, translation regulators eIF4G, NOT1, and CITH, revealed by BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum gametocytes.\",\n      \"method\": \"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)\",\n      \"journal\": \"Molecular microbiology\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Weak — single Co-IP/BioID experiment, single lab; identifies complex membership but no functional consequence specifically attributed to PUF1\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) is a Puf-family mRNA-binding protein whose P. falciparum ortholog (PfPuf1) harbors a conserved RNA-binding Puf domain that binds NRE sequences, is preferentially expressed in gametocytes (especially female), is required for the maintenance and differentiation of late-stage gametocytes (particularly female), and participates in a cytoplasmic regulatory complex with other RNA-binding and translational regulators; in P. berghei, genetic knockout of PUF1 produces no detectable phenotype across the parasite life cycle.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) is a Puf-family mRNA-binding protein implicated in post-transcriptional regulation during Plasmodium gametocyte development, though its role differs across species in the available corpus [#0, #1]. Its P. falciparum ortholog (PfPuf1) possesses an intrinsic, sequence-specific RNA-binding activity: the isolated Puf domain binds the Nanos-responsive elements (NRE) of Drosophila hunchback mRNA in both yeast three-hybrid and in vitro assays, establishing conservation of Puf-family RNA recognition [#2]. In P. falciparum, PfPuf1 is expressed across all gametocyte stages and enriched in female gametocytes, and its disruption leaves the asexual erythrocytic cycle intact while causing a ~10-fold reduction in mature gametocytes, accumulation of dying late-stage gametocytes, and disproportionate loss of females that reverses the sex ratio, indicating a role in late-stage gametocyte maintenance and female differentiation [#1]. In P. falciparum gametocytes PfPuf1 also participates in a cytoplasmic regulatory network with the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3, the RNA-binding proteins PABP1 and ALBA3, and translational regulators eIF4G, NOT1, and CITH, consistent with a translational-repression complex [#3]. In contrast, in P. berghei, genetic knockout of PUF1 itself produces no detectable phenotype throughout the parasite life cycle, marking the gene as dispensable in that species [#0]. Beyond these findings, the direct molecular targets and mechanism of PUF1 in P. berghei have not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2002,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing whether the PUF1 Puf domain is a bona fide sequence-specific RNA binder answered whether the protein could act as a post-transcriptional regulator at all.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"yeast three-hybrid and in vitro binding assays with recombinant PfPuf1 Puf domain against Drosophila hunchback NRE\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"12409450\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"used a heterologous Drosophila NRE target, not an endogenous Plasmodium mRNA\",\n        \"no native mRNA target of PUF1 identified in either species\",\n        \"binding shown for P. falciparum ortholog, not for P. berghei PBANKA_1233500\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2011,\n      \"claim\": \"A targeted knockout tested whether PUF1 has a non-redundant function in vivo, distinguishing it from its paralog Puf2.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"genetic knockout with phenotypic readout across all life-cycle stages in P. berghei\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"21673790\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"negative result does not exclude redundancy with other Puf-family members\",\n        \"no molecular characterization of PUF1 targets in P. berghei\",\n        \"phenotypic assays may lack sensitivity to detect subtle defects\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium berghei\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2016,\n      \"claim\": \"Disruption of the P. falciparum ortholog defined a stage-specific role, revealing a gametocyte-maintenance function not detected in the P. berghei knockout.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"gene disruption with expression staging (Western/IFA) and gametocytemia quantification in P. falciparum\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"27383769\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"mechanism linking PUF1 loss to female gametocyte death not resolved\",\n        \"mRNA targets responsible for the phenotype not identified\",\n        \"species divergence from the P. berghei null phenotype unexplained\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2023,\n      \"claim\": \"Proximity labeling placed PUF1 within a defined cytoplasmic RNA-regulatory network, framing its likely mode of action as translational control.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"BioID proximity labeling and co-immunoprecipitation in P. falciparum gametocytes\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"38148574\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"single Co-IP/BioID experiment with no functional consequence attributed specifically to PUF1\",\n        \"direct versus indirect associations within the network not distinguished\",\n        \"no reciprocal validation of PUF1-specific interactions\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Plasmodium falciparum\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The endogenous mRNA targets of PUF1 and the mechanistic basis for its dispensability in P. berghei versus its requirement in P. falciparum gametocytes remain unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Low\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"no native mRNA target of PBANKA_1233500 identified\",\n        \"molecular function of the P. berghei protein uncharacterized\",\n        \"cause of interspecies phenotypic divergence unknown\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": []\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0003729\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [2, 3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0035925\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [2]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005737\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0006417\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0007143\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"Cytoplasmic MD3-associated RNA-regulatory network in P. falciparum gametocytes (with MD3, PABP1, ALBA3, eIF4G, NOT1, CITH) [#3]\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"MD3 (CCCH zinc finger protein) [#3]\",\n      \"PABP1 [#3]\",\n      \"ALBA3 [#3]\",\n      \"eIF4G [#3]\",\n      \"NOT1 [#3]\",\n      \"CITH [#3]\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"PfPuf1 (P. falciparum ortholog) is expressed across all gametocyte stages and enriched in female gametocytes; its disruption reduces mature gametocytes ~10-fold and reverses the male-to-female sex ratio [#1].\",\n      \"In P. berghei, knockout of PUF1 (PBANKA_1233500) produces no detectable phenotype across the life cycle, indicating dispensability in that species [#0].\",\n      \"RNA-binding activity was demonstrated for the P. falciparum ortholog's Puf domain against a heterologous Drosophila hunchback NRE; no endogenous Plasmodium target has been defined [#2].\"\n    ]\n  }\n}","audit_flag":{"gene":"PBANKA_1233500","tier":"IDENTITY_CHECK","verdict":"identity unverified","subtype":"names_other_cards","uniprot_band":"","rules_fired":"R12","issue":"No cited paper names this card; 3 of 4 cited papers name other catalogue genes (PF3D7_0417100, PF3D7_0320800, PF3D7_0728000). The summary may describe one of those genes."},"strains":[{"strain":"PbANKA","gene_id":"PBANKA_1233500","name":null,"product":"mRNA-binding protein PUF1","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":null,"start_pos":null}],"gene_symbol":"PUF1","evaluation":null}